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What you should know about TB. Ghana TB Control Program Telephone (233 21 660023) Dr. Frank Bonsu. THE AFRICAN. EMERGENCY. “The growing tuberculosis epidemic is no longer an emergency only for those who care about health, but for those who care about justice”
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What you should know about TB Ghana TB Control Program Telephone (233 21 660023) Dr. Frank Bonsu
THE AFRICAN • EMERGENCY
“The growing tuberculosis epidemic is no longer an emergency only for those who care about health, but for those who care about justice” World Health Organization. TB - A global emergency. Geneva WHO 1994
Epidemiological summary • TB coming under control everywhere except Africa (and Eastern Europe) • HIV is the proximal cause in Africa • East and Southern Africa worst hit • Women more affected than men by TB/HIV • Mortality from TB rising with HIV • Most TB in Africa in HIV uninfected • Notwithstanding, TB control nearing 2005 targets • MDGs likely to be met, except in Africa and Eastern Europe • Battleground for TB MDGs shifts towards Africa
No estimate < 50 50-100 100-200 200-300 300 and more TB incidence rate 1990 2005 Stop TB Department
MDGs • Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger • Achieve universal primary education • Promote gender equality and empower women • Reduce child mortality • Improve maternal health • Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases( including TB) • Ensure environmental sustainability • Develop a global partnership for development
(Continued) Goal #6Statistics • Tuberculosis is the leading infectious killer of adults and kills almost 2 million people a year; malaria kills more than 1 million people a year. • People with HIV/AIDS are seven times more likely to develop tuberculosis. • In 2000, 17 million people in Africa were affected with both HIV and tuberculosis simultaneously.
What is TB (Tuberculosis)? • a disease caused byBACTERIA • usually affects theLUNGS • spread in the AIR • can be cured withMEDICINE
There are 2 types of TB 1. Latent TB Infection 2. TB Disease
Latent TB infection A PERSON WITH LATENT TB INFECTION: • Has a POSITIVE skin test. • Has a NORMAL chest x-ray.
Latent TB infection • Has breathed in TB germs. • Feels fine, is not sick. • Cannot spread TB germs to others.
TB infection / positive skin test is very common… About 1 out of every 3 people in the world is infected with TB germs.
TB disease A PERSON WITH TB DISEASE: • Has a POSITIVE Sputum test. • Has a BAD chest x-ray. • Has positive Skin Test
TB disease • Feels sick • Can spread TB germs to others. - TB disease can be cured with medicine!!
How is TB spread ? TB germs can be spread when a person with TB disease: • Coughs • Sneezes • Shouts • Sings • Talks sending TB germs into the air.
You get TB from being in VERYCLOSE CONTACT with someone who is sick with TB disease.
Risk Factors for T.B. • Close contact exposure to active case patient • Person to person passing of TB microdroplets (1-5mm) • Close contact: 30 hours per week • Immune status • Renal failure, Cancer, Immunosuppressing drugs (4-16 fold) • **HIV: 100 fold more likely to acquire disease • **Has significantly contributed to rising TB
Government warning: smoking may seriously damage your health
Remember ! You CANNOT get TB from someone with latent TB infection!!
TB germs are NOT spread by sharing: • Spoons and forks • Drinking glasses • Bathrooms
TB germs are NOT spread by handling: • Bedding • Rubbish • Clothes or towels • Food
TB Prevention & Protection- 6 tips for you and your family TB
1. Know the signs and symptoms of TB disease: • Constant tiredness • Fever • Weight loss • Night sweats • Cough • Loss of appetite • Spit up blood • Chest pain
2. Know the Medical risk factors for TB disease: • HIV infection • Recent TB infection • Substance abuse • Diabetes • Cancer of head and neck • Low body weight
3. TB chest X-ray: If you have a positive skin test (TB infection), get a chest x-ray and make sure you do not have TB disease.
4. TB preventive medicine: If you have a positive skin test (TB infection), a doctor can give you medicine to get rid of TB germs in some special situations eg HIV+
5. Keep windows open: TB cannot spread outside or in fresh air.
6. Live healthy: • Eat right. • Get enough sleep. • Keep your immune system strong.
Remember ! • Only people who are sick with TB disease can spread TB. • TB is a disease that can be prevented and cured. • TB treatment is Free
" We can’t fight AIDS unless we do much more to fight TB as well " Nelson Mandela Bangkok, July 2004
Comprehensive HIV treatment including DOT- TB/ART is feasible even in the poorest of settings (PIH Haiti)
SUMMARY TB is a devastating disease: It is the World´s No. 1 killer among curable, infectious diseases. However, we have a proven method to STOP TB: DOTS. To fight TB with DOTS, we have two measurable targets: • 70% detection. 85% cure. • Case detection is our main challenge. For accelerating case detection we have thousands of allies: People who have been CURED. If you know people who have been cured of TB or you have been cured yourself, you can help by: • Coming forward or encouraging others to come forward. • Becoming an ambassador for TB. • Becoming a treatment partner. REMEMBER... If we achieve our target rates of detection and cure, 5.000.000 lives will be saved by 2010!!!
“Two Diseases, One Patient” Another Challenge: TB/HIV
HIV and Tuberculosis, GHANA • In 1989 whilst about 14% cases could be attributed to AIDS • By the year 2009, about 59% of the projected TB cases will be due to the HIV/AIDS epidemic
ROLE OF THE CHIEFS • Accept whatever is done in community TB / HIV control as their own and get involved • Mobilize resources from within and without their communities to support TB / HIV activities • Spend few minutes to talk about TB /HIV whenever their speaking to their community members (Education & Counseling- Public & patients) • Work assiduously to remove outmoded traditional and cultural practices that hinder the fight against TB in their various communities ( Remove Stigma) • Monitor TB / HIV activities in their various communities