What you should know about TB

1. What you should know about TB Ghana TB Control Program Telephone (233 21 660023) Dr. Frank Bonsu

2. THE AFRICAN • EMERGENCY

3. “The growing tuberculosis epidemic is no longer an emergency only for those who care about health, but for those who care about justice” World Health Organization. TB - A global emergency. Geneva WHO 1994

5. Tuberculosis

7. Epidemiological summary • TB coming under control everywhere except Africa (and Eastern Europe) • HIV is the proximal cause in Africa • East and Southern Africa worst hit • Women more affected than men by TB/HIV • Mortality from TB rising with HIV • Most TB in Africa in HIV uninfected • Notwithstanding, TB control nearing 2005 targets • MDGs likely to be met, except in Africa and Eastern Europe • Battleground for TB MDGs shifts towards Africa

8. No estimate < 50 50-100 100-200 200-300 300 and more TB incidence rate 1990 2005 Stop TB Department

9. Millennium Development Goals

10. MDGs • Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger • Achieve universal primary education • Promote gender equality and empower women • Reduce child mortality • Improve maternal health • Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases( including TB) • Ensure environmental sustainability • Develop a global partnership for development

11. (Continued) Goal #6Statistics • Tuberculosis is the leading infectious killer of adults and kills almost 2 million people a year; malaria kills more than 1 million people a year. • People with HIV/AIDS are seven times more likely to develop tuberculosis. • In 2000, 17 million people in Africa were affected with both HIV and tuberculosis simultaneously.

12. What is TB (Tuberculosis)? • a disease caused byBACTERIA • usually affects theLUNGS • spread in the AIR • can be cured withMEDICINE

13. There are 2 types of TB 1. Latent TB Infection 2. TB Disease

14. Latent TB infection A PERSON WITH LATENT TB INFECTION: • Has a POSITIVE skin test. • Has a NORMAL chest x-ray.

15. Latent TB infection • Has breathed in TB germs. • Feels fine, is not sick. • Cannot spread TB germs to others.

16. TB infection / positive skin test is very common… About 1 out of every 3 people in the world is infected with TB germs.

17. TB disease A PERSON WITH TB DISEASE: • Has a POSITIVE Sputum test. • Has a BAD chest x-ray. • Has positive Skin Test

18. TB disease • Feels sick • Can spread TB germs to others. - TB disease can be cured with medicine!!

19. How is TB spread ? TB germs can be spread when a person with TB disease: • Coughs • Sneezes • Shouts • Sings • Talks sending TB germs into the air.

21. You get TB from being in VERYCLOSE CONTACT with someone who is sick with TB disease.

22. Risk Factors for T.B. • Close contact exposure to active case patient • Person to person passing of TB microdroplets (1-5mm) • Close contact: 30 hours per week • Immune status • Renal failure, Cancer, Immunosuppressing drugs (4-16 fold) • **HIV: 100 fold more likely to acquire disease • **Has significantly contributed to rising TB

23. Government warning: smoking may seriously damage your health

24. Remember ! You CANNOT get TB from someone with latent TB infection!!

25. TB germs are NOT spread by sharing: • Spoons and forks • Drinking glasses • Bathrooms

26. TB germs are NOT spread by handling: • Bedding • Rubbish • Clothes or towels • Food

27. TB Prevention & Protection- 6 tips for you and your family TB

28. 1. Know the signs and symptoms of TB disease: • Constant tiredness • Fever • Weight loss • Night sweats • Cough • Loss of appetite • Spit up blood • Chest pain

29. 2. Know the Medical risk factors for TB disease: • HIV infection • Recent TB infection • Substance abuse • Diabetes • Cancer of head and neck • Low body weight

30. 3. TB chest X-ray: If you have a positive skin test (TB infection), get a chest x-ray and make sure you do not have TB disease.

31. 4. TB preventive medicine: If you have a positive skin test (TB infection), a doctor can give you medicine to get rid of TB germs in some special situations eg HIV+

32. 5. Keep windows open: TB cannot spread outside or in fresh air.

33. 6. Live healthy: • Eat right. • Get enough sleep. • Keep your immune system strong.

34. Remember ! • Only people who are sick with TB disease can spread TB. • TB is a disease that can be prevented and cured. • TB treatment is Free

35. " We can’t fight AIDS unless we do much more to fight TB as well " Nelson Mandela Bangkok, July 2004

36. Comprehensive HIV treatment including DOT- TB/ART is feasible even in the poorest of settings (PIH Haiti)

37. SUMMARY TB is a devastating disease: It is the World´s No. 1 killer among curable, infectious diseases. However, we have a proven method to STOP TB: DOTS. To fight TB with DOTS, we have two measurable targets: • 70% detection. 85% cure. • Case detection is our main challenge. For accelerating case detection we have thousands of allies: People who have been CURED. If you know people who have been cured of TB or you have been cured yourself, you can help by: • Coming forward or encouraging others to come forward. • Becoming an ambassador for TB. • Becoming a treatment partner. REMEMBER... If we achieve our target rates of detection and cure, 5.000.000 lives will be saved by 2010!!!

38. “Two Diseases, One Patient” Another Challenge: TB/HIV

39. HIV and Tuberculosis, GHANA • In 1989 whilst about 14% cases could be attributed to AIDS • By the year 2009, about 59% of the projected TB cases will be due to the HIV/AIDS epidemic

40. ROLE OF THE CHIEFS • Accept whatever is done in community TB / HIV control as their own and get involved • Mobilize resources from within and without their communities to support TB / HIV activities • Spend few minutes to talk about TB /HIV whenever their speaking to their community members (Education & Counseling- Public & patients) • Work assiduously to remove outmoded traditional and cultural practices that hinder the fight against TB in their various communities ( Remove Stigma) • Monitor TB / HIV activities in their various communities

41. JOIN THE FIGHT AGAINST TB

42. Thank YOU!