BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. BIBLIOGRAPHY By N.Tenzin. Head Librarian, RBKIA

2. What is a Bibliography? • A bibliography is an alphabetical list of every source used to research and write the essay. TYPES OF FORMATS FOR BIBLIOGRAPHY • MLA: Modern Language Association • APA: The American Psychological style • Chicago style format • Turabian • Harvard style etc.

3. Different Styles of Bibliography Writing • The MLA format is primarily used for English Literature, and other forms of humanities. • The American Psychological style of writing is used for Psychology, and other sciences and social sciences. • The Chicago Style format is primarily used for History. • Turabian is used for Natural and Social Science

4. Why must you do a Bibliography? • To acknowledge and give credit to sources of words, ideas,diagrams,illustrations,quotations borrowed, or any materials summarized or paraphrased. • To show that you are respectfully borrowing other people’s ideas, not stealing them. • To offer additional information to your readers who may wish to further pursue your topic. • Showing the depth of your research. • To give readers an opportunity to check out your sources for accuracy. • Avoiding Plagiarism

5. What must be included in a Bibliography? • Author Book • Editor Newspaper • Title Journal • Place of Publication Movie • Name of Publisher Magazine • Date of Publication Online resources • Volume and Issue No(Journal) • Page No. • Same as above (Online document/Internet)

6. Formatting Notes: • Use a “hanging indent” to show the beginning of a citation. In other words, the first line of the citation begins at the left margin. Subsequent lines are indented ½ inch from the left margin typically 5 spaces). • Double-space all entries in the reference list for APA and MLA. • APA, MLA, and Turabian use italicized type to indicate titles of major works (book titles, journal titles, etc.). • With its latest edition of the Handbook, MLA has dropped the requirement for including the URL for materials retrieved online.MLA’s current advice is to include the URL only if the source might be difficult to find again or if it is required by a particular teacher or professor.

7. MLA format sample BOOKS The basic format for a book citation requires listing the author’s name, the title of the book, the place of publication, the publisher’s name, and the date of publication. Edited books, when cited in full, will list the editor’s name instead of an author’s name and medium ONE AUTHOR The book written by the author FifiLaRue, entitled My Fabulous Life: Parisian Flings and Other Things, and published in Paris, France, by the publisher LaPlume in 1992. Note that APA capitalizes only the first word of the title and the first word of the subtitle, while MLA capitalize all significant title words. MLA:LaRue, Fifi. My Fabulous Life: Parisian Flings and Other Things. Paris: LaPlume, 1992.Print. APA: LaRue, F. (1992). My fabulous life: Parisian flings and other things. Paris: LaPlume.

8. MLA format sample TWO AUTHORS Example: A book written by the authors Terrie A. Dactyl and Braun T. Saurus, entitled The Jury’s Still Out on Jurassic Park, and published in Raptor, Pennsylvania, by Altamira Press in 1994. Dactyl, Terrie A. and Braun T. Saurus. The Jury’s Still Out on Jurassic Park. Raptor, PA: Altamira Press, 1994. Print.

9. MLA format sample BOOK WITH AN EDITOR Example:A book edited by Teresa Mae Anklet, entitled Big Bruisers, and published in Montreal,Canada, by Strange Brew Press, 1976. Edited books normally are collections of essays or chapters written by a variety of authors. The editor is responsible for collecting and arranging the contents of the book and might also contribute to the book’s content. Anklet, Teresa Mae, ed. Big Bruisers. Montreal: Strange Brew Press, 1976. Print.

10. MLA format sample A Multivolume Work Example is based on an article published in volume 26 of the 2008 edition of the Encyclopedia Bibliotica by the author Leroi Faunt. The article dealt with the topic royalty . Faunt, Leroi. Royalty:Encyclopedia Bibliotica.2vols.Cambridge:London,1993. Print. Lauter,Paul,et al.,eds.The Heathe Anthiology of American Literature.5thed. 5vols. Boston: Houghton, 2006.Print.

11. MLA format sample NEWSPAPER ARTICLE – AUTHOR LISTED Example :An article by author Alvie Singer, entitled “Let Freedom Ring,” that was published in the New York Times, January 1, 2001, on page A12. Singer, Alvie. “Let Freedom Ring.” New York Times1 January 2001,:A12. Print. <http://www.siouxfallstrumpet/letfreedomring>.

12. MLA format sample MAGAZINE ARTICLES The basic format for citing a magazine article is similar to the journal format. Required information includes author’s name, article title, name of the magazine, date of issue, and inclusive page numbers. Date of access and medium. Example:An article published in the magazine Food Talk. The article, “Blue Green Algae –It’s a Main Course, It’s a Shampoo, It’s a Floor Wax – What Is This Stuff Anyway? was written by author Mack Roe Biotek and was published in the September 28, 1992, issue of the magazine on pages 27-32. Biotek, Mack Roe. “Blue Green Algae – It’s a Main Course, It’s a Shampoo, It’s a Floor Wax – What Is This Stuff Anyway?” Food Talk 28 Sept. 1992: 27-32. Print. Michael,Arlene,and Laura Cohen. “A Thousand-Year Plan for Nuclear Waste.”Business Week 6 May 2002:94-96.Print

13. MLA format sample Citing Web Publication 1.Name of the author/Editor/Compiler/director/translator/narrator 2.Title of the Work(Italicized if the work is independent and quotation mark if the work is part of a larger work) 3.Title of the over all website Publisher or Sponsor/owner if not available, use N.p. 4.Date of pubilcation if no date of publication use n.d. 4.Medium of Publication Date of access(day,month, and year) Eaves,Morris,Robert Essick, and Joseph Viscomi,eds.The William Blake Archive.Lib. Of Cong.,28 Sept.2007.Web.20 Nov.2007. <http://www.blakearchive.org/blake/>

14. MLA format sample Citing of Web publication • Non Periodical Publication • A Periodical Publication in an online

15. MLA format sample Citing A Non periodical Publication When citing an website which has corporate author, omit any initial article (A,An,The). Start with corporate author. The following example is based on the website for the television network United State Geological Survey. Waste Water Treatment Water Use.United States.USGS.2011.Web.16.Jul.2011 < http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/wuww.html>

16. Eaves, Morris, Robert Essick, and Joseph Viscomi, eds. The William Blake Archive. Lib. of Cong., 13 Sept. 2010. Web. 20 June. 2011. <http://www.blakearchive.org/blake/>.

17. MLA format sample • Periodical Publication in an Online Database Tolson, Nancy. “ Making Books Available : The Role of Early Libraries, Librarians, and Booksellers in the Promotion of African American Children’s Literature”. African American Review 32.1(1998):9-16,JSTOR.Web.5 June.2008

18. MLA format sample INTERVIEW Two Kinds of Interviews • Published or Broadcast • Conducted by Researcher Published Interview Gordimer,Jimmy. interview .New York Times 10 Oct.1991,lated ed.:C25.Print

19. MLA format sample INTERVIEW Interview conducted by researcher Give the name of the person interviewed, the kind of interview(Personal, Telephone interview), and the date. • Tiwari,J.S. Personal interview.10 Dec.2007 • Reed,Ishmael.Telephone interview.10 Dec.2007

20. Important Abbreviation • n.p. No place of publication given • n.p. No publishers given • n.d. No date of publication given • n.pag. No pagination given