The Civil Rights Movement

1. The Civil Rights Movement G/E

2. 1940’s • N.A.A.C.P focuses on legal cases/court system (Thurgood Marshall) • C.O.R.E (Congress of Racial Equality)-non-violence started 1942 • Jackie Robinson 1947 • Desegregation of armed forces 1948

3. Emmett Till • 1955: 14 years old from Chicago • Accused of whistling at a white store owner’s wife while visiting grandfather in Mississippi • Taken from bed and beaten, eyes gouged out, and drown him by tying a cotton gin fan around his neck

4. Rosa Parks • Refused to give up her seat for a white passenger and was arrested • Led to a boycott of the buses for almost a year • Boycott: do not use the goods or services

5. Martin Luther King Jr. • 26 yrs old during Montgomery Bus Boycott • 1st President of Southern Christian leadership Conference (SCLC) • March on Washington August 1963 -200,000 people -I Have a Dream Speech

6. Little Rock Nine 1957 • 9 high school students are stopped form attending a desegregated high school in Arkansas • Governor calls out National Guard • President Eisenhower calls out US Army • Who has higher power?

7. 1950’s • 1954: Brown v. Board • 1955: Emmitt Till • 1955: Montgomery Bus Boycott • 1957: S.C.L.C formed led by M.L.K • 1957: Little Rock Nine

8. Segregation • 2 Types: -DeJure Segregation: by law (Jim Crow Laws) -DeFacto Segregation: done by practice or custom-not by law

9. Questions: • Do you think you could practice non-violence? • What if someone was using violence against you?

10. SNCC • Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee: started in North Carolina and then spread -college students of different races • Woolworth Sit-In • Also participated in Freedom Rides, March on Washington, etc

11. Police Tactics Fire Hoses Dogs Clubs Tear Gas

12. Freedom Riders • Bus rides that took students into the South to help desegregate public facilities like train stations, etc. • Many arrested or killed

13. Birmingham Church Bombing • Sept. 15, 1963: Sunday morning bomb thrown into basement Baptist Church • Tension over registering to vote • Killed four girls • Done by KKK • Turning point-seen on color tv in North • Not until 2000-two out of four men serve sentences

14. Voting Precedents • 13th Amendment 1865: abolished slavery • 14th Amendment 1868: equal protection under the law • 15th Amendment 1870: can not discriminate against race (voting men) • 19th Amendment 1920 : women get the right to vote

15. How do You Prevent African American from Voting? • Literacy Test • Make it difficult to register • Poll Tax • Grandfather Clause

16. Voting • Voter Education Project (VEP) • 1962-CORE, SNCC • Helped encourage African Americans to register to vote • Freedom Summer: college students mainly from Ohio go to Mississippi to help register voters and teach summer school -reading/math/history Andrew Goodman, James Chaney, Mike Schwerner

17. Selma Marches • First on March 7, 1965 also known as “Bloody Sunday” • Second on March 9th • The third started on March 23 made it 51 miles • Fighting for voting rights

18. Desegregating Colleges • University Georgia 1961: Charlayne Hunter & Hamilton Holmes • University Mississippi 1962: James Meredith • Riots erupted • Later shot & lived helping blacks register to vote • University Alabama 1963: Vivian Malone & James Hood • Governor Wallace tries to stop

19. Malcolm X • Became a Black Muslim in prison • Replaced last name with X defied the sign of slavery by taking your owner’s last name • Believed non-violence useless

20. Malcolm X • Went on pilgrimage to Mecca • Returned and realized Elijah teachings were wrong and switched to non-violence • Shot 21 times Audubon Ballroom in Washington Heights, NY • Killed Feb. 21, 1965 by three members of the Nation of Islam while giving a speech • www.pbs.org Thomas Hagan Paroled 2010

21. Black Panthers • A movement that came from the SNCC when Stokely Carmichael separated from the group in late 1960s • Believed nonviolence not working and became a militant group mainly against police brutality

22. Black Power Salute • 1968 Mexico City Olympics • John Carlos and Tommie Smith do the Power to the People Salute • Stripped of medals only recently returned

23. Laws that Changed Civil Rights History • Civil Rights Act 1964: -Signed by President Lyndon B. Johnson -Made Jim Crow laws illegal -Can not discriminate in public places, desegregated schools, can not discriminate in jobs, etc. ***Turning Point in the Civil Rights Movement

24. Laws that Changed Civil Rights History • Voting Rights Act 1965: made poll tax and literacy tests illegal & stated can not discriminate against race when voting -Only federal employees can register people to vote not community members • 24th Amendment: made poll taxes illegal

25. Questions: • Should the government be able to tell you who you can be friends with? • Should the government be able to tell you who you can marry?

26. Loving vs. Virginia 1967 • Mildred and Richard Loving went to D.C. to marry since it was illegal in Virginia • Cops raided home and arrested them • Overthrew Racial Integrity Act 1924 • Made restricts on interracial marriage illegal • How many of you or your friends can now exist?

27. Martin Luther King • www.pbs.org April 4, 1968 Killed by James Earl Ray on balcony hotel

28. Laws that Changed Civil Rights Movement • Civil Rights Act 1968: Banned discrimination in housing