Outline

1. Outline • Extra Credit – see angel, due 10/30 • Ch 8/9: • Norms • Roles • Stanford Prison Study • Conformity • Informational Social Influence • Sherif • When does it occur? • Normative Social Influence • Asch • When does it occur? • Milgram – obedience (next class)

2. Ch 8: Norms and Roles • Social norms – implicit or explicit rules a group has for acceptable behavior, values, and beliefs. • How all group members act • all wear clothes to class • Don’t freeze at train station • Social roles – shared expectations about how a particular member is supposed to behave • teacher lectures and students do not

3. Roles • Zimbardo’s Prison study • Roles Shape Action –prison’s and guards behavior • Normal people: • Did evil • Broke down • The place, not the people, key

4.  Please rate the extent to which you were surprised by the results? A = not at all surprised 0% B 8% C 19% D 35% E = extremely surprised 9%

5. 2.  To what extent do you think that similar processes happen today in prisons? A = not at all       2% B = rarely 8% C = sometimes 24% D = rather often 49% E = most of the time 18%

6. Why did the experiment stop? A = the parents complained B = the priest complained C = the prisoners asked it to stop D = A graduate student said “It is terrible what you are doing to those boys”

7. Criticisms • Instructions • "create in the Prisoners feelings of boredom, a sense of fear to some degree, ... a notion of arbitrariness that their life is totally controlled by us, by the system, you, me ....".

8. Prison Study • Criticisms • Instructions • Environment • Skull caps, dresses, no underwear, shackles, deloused, mirror sunglasses • Zimbardo as warden • “Only a few people were able to resist the situational temptations to yield to power and dominance while maintaining some semblance of morality and decency; obviously I was not among that noble class," Zimbardo later wrote in his book The Lucifer Effect. • Freedom to leave • Escape attempt • BBC the Experiment link 1 and 2 ended early as well

9. Abu Ghraib

10. Conformity • Conformity – changing behavior due to others’ influence. • Can create, help people learn, and maintain norms and roles • Two reasons for conformity • Informational social influence –others inform our own behavior • Motive: need for information/ to be accurate • Normative social influence – conform to be liked • Motive: need to be accepted

11. Informational Social Influence • Classic Study (Sherif’s 1936 autokinetic studies) • Stare at light – it moves = autokinetic illusion

13. Informational Social Influence Classic Study (Sherif’s 1936 autokinetic studies) • Stare at light – it moves = autokinetic illusion • Ambiguous how much • Do people conform in a group?

14. Sherif, alone vs. group T

15. Point of Sherif • Ambiguous =use others for information • Do people who conform really believe the others? • Private acceptance – conform b/c think others are right, and believe it • Public compliance – conform publicly, but do not believe it • End of study made estimates alone • said group est = private acceptance

16. When will People conform to informational social influence? • Ambiguity of situation • Situation is a crisis • Others are experts

17. Normative Social Influence Conform to be liked Asch Line Judgment studies • Sherif Studies were ambiguous, What if task not ambiguous?

18. Asch Task Standard Line 1 2 3

19. Was it hard to judge line? • Nope, for alone cond. 98% • Conformed not to look foolish • Public compliance • But not private acceptance

20. When will we conform to Normative social influence? • Social impact theory: likelihood will conform depends on • Number: how many in group? As # increases so does conformity. After 4, more people have little influence • Strength: How important is group? • Immediacy: how close is group in time/space?

21. When will conform (cont.) • Culture is collectivistic – increases • No allies in the group – just one helps