Day 150: The Stormy 60’s

1. Day 150: The Stormy 60’s Baltimore Polytechnic Institute April 24, 2014 A.P. U.S. History Mr. Green

2. Reading Check 1. This is where Ho Chi Minh scored a victory against the French in Indochina in 1954. 2. Gamal Abdul Nasser led this nation and decided to nationalize this strategic waterway (2). 3. He served as President Eisenhower’s Secretary of State. 4. He led Cuba from the 1930’s to 1959 when this Communist took control of the country (2). 5. This individual was propped up by a coup by the CIA in 1953 to lead Iran.

3. Objectives Students will analyze to what extent the Kennedy administration increased American involvement in Southeast Asia by describing the impact of Kennedy’s foreign policy decisions.

4. The Stormy 60s Objectives: Indicate how America reacted to Pearl Harbor and prepared to wage war against both Germany and Japan. Describe the mobilization of the American economy for war and the mobilization of manpower and womanpower for both the military and wartime production. Describe the war’s effects on American society, including regional migration, race relations, and women’s roles. Explain the early Japanese successes in East Asia and the Pacific, and the American strategy for countering them. AP Focus Early in the war, Germany, Japan, and Italy have considerable military success. The Allies, except for France, which had surrendered in 1940, are fortunate not to be overwhelmed completely. Fearing that they will be disloyal, President Roosevelt orders the detention of Japanese Americans, a serious violation of basic American civil rights.

5. Chapter Focus Chapter Themes Unified by Pearl Harbor, America effectively carried out a war mobilization effort that produced vast social and economic changes within American society. Following its “get Hitler first” strategy, the United States and its Allies invaded and liberated conquered Europe from Fascist rule. The slower strategy of island-hopping against Japan also proceeded successfully until the atomic bomb brought a sudden end to World War II.

6. 1960 Presidential Election Republicans nominate Richard M. Nixon Democrats nominate John F. Kennedy 303 to 219 for JFK in the Electoral College Popular Vote 34,266,731 for JFK 34,108,157 for Nixon 501,643 for Harry F. Byrd-Independent Byrd won 15 Electoral Votes 1st Roman Catholic elected, youngest elected T.V. played a role in the debates JFK believed Russia gained on the U.S. New Frontier-”get the country moving again”

7. Chapter 38: The Stormy 60’s New Frontiers in Domestic Policy Bobby Kennedy-35 year old attorney general focused on organized crime/not civil rights Robert McNamara-president of Ford, appointed as Secretary of Defense Peace Corps Economy noninflationary wage agreement in steel in early 1962 Final Frontier-NASA and the moonshot

8. Foreign Policy Alliance for Progress-Latin American Marshall Plan that never took off Bay of Pigs-April 17, 1961 1200 Cuban exiles landed at Bay of Pigs to topple Castro inherited from the Eisenhower administration Berlin Wall-August 1961 constructed after JFK met with Khrushchev at Vienna to discuss East Germany East German population fled to West Germany through Berlin European Economic Community-EEC free trade area that turned into the EU Globalization created in 1967 to liberalized trade policies

9. Cuban Missile Crisis-October 1962 U.S.S.R. began secretly installing nuclear-tipped missiles in Cuba JFK refused bombing strikes October 22, 1962-naval quarantine of Cuba an attack from Cuba would be an attack from Russia with a nuclear response U.S. agreed to not invade Cuba U.S. removed missiles from Turkey U.S.S.R. pulled missiles from Cuba Outcomes: Khrushchev out Soviets began massive military buildup Democrats did better in the 1962 mid-terms Prohibiting trial nuclear explosions in the atmosphere signed in late 1963 installment of a Moscow-Washington hotline in August 1963

10. Kennedy and the Third World Laos Geneva Conference 1962 Ike administration tried aid to rid the communists Flexible response-D.O.D. military options-special forces Vietnam increased military advisors in late 1961 difficulty with Diem, U.S. encouraged a coup against him in November 1963 Modernization theory used in the underdeveloped world Walt Whitman Rostow

11. Civil Rights Movement Brown V. Board (1954)-”separate is inherently unequal” Brown V. Board II (1955)-”with all deliberate speed Freedom Riders fanned out to end segregation in facilities serving interstate bus passengers Voter Education Project register Southern African-American’s to vote Integrating southern universities James Meredith and Ole Miss-Oct. 1962

12. MLK JR begins his campaign on Birmingham, AL Spring 1963-most segregated big city in America police used cattle prods, high pressure hoses to repel peaceful civil rights marchers June 11, 1963-Kennedy went public with the racial question “a moral issue” and called for new legislation to protect Black citizens August 1963-March on Washington and King’s “I Have a Dream Speech” September 1963-Baptist Church bombing in Birmingham, AL killing 4 young girls

13. November 22, 1963-JFK assassinated Civil Rights Act of 1964 banned racial discrimination in most private facilities open to the public Title VII-empowered the EEOC Affirmative Action-executive order in 1965 Great Society-War on Poverty meant to transform American way of life education, medical care for elderly/indigent, immigration reform, voting rights bill Medicare-April 1965 Medicaid-April 1965 DOT HUD-Robert C. Weaver

14. Immigration and Nationality Act abolished the “national origins” quota since 1921 doubled the number annually and limited immigrants from the Western Hemisphere family unification provision Head Start education for underprivileged youth

15. Presidential Election of 1964 Democrats nominate Lyndon B. Johnson won a Senate seat in 1948 by 87 votes Republicans nominate Barry Goldwater 486-52 Electoral vote 43,129,566 to 27,178,188 popular vote Conservatism versus Liberalism August 1964-U.S. Navy cooperating with South Vietnam gunboats in provocative raids along the coast of North Vietnam Irony: LBJ painted Goldwater as a trigger-happy cowboy who would lead us into a nuclear war.

16. Class Discussion 1. Begin 1960’s chart 2.

17. Homework Read Chapter 38 Prepare for 5 question reading check on Wednesday