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Journal Response #2

Journal Response #2. Unit 2 Lesson Prompt for the American Revolution : - Does a government have the right to expect its citizens to provide money in the form of taxes to support its numerous political, social, & military agendas?

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Journal Response #2

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  1. Journal Response #2 Unit 2 Lesson Prompt for the American Revolution: - Does a government have the right to expect its citizens to provide money in the form of taxes to support its numerous political, social, & military agendas? - Is there a time when it is appropriate for the citizens of a country to say “Enough is Enough!” unless certain conditions are met that are in the favor of the citizens? What might be some of these conditions? Your journal entry should be two paragraphs in length & be prepared to share your answers in class!

  2. Unit 2 (Ch. 3.4) Notes: The French & Indian War U.S. History & The Constitution Mr. Weathers "One Mile To Bushy Run Station" by Robert Griffing

  3. Today’s Lesson Standard / Indicator Standard USHC-1:The student will demonstrate an understanding of the conflicts between regional and national interest in the development of democracy in the United States. USHC-1.2:Summarize the early development of representative government & political rights in the American Colonies, including the influence of the British political system & the rule of law as written in the Magna Carta & the English Bill of Rights, & the conflict between the colonial legislature & the British Parliament over the rights to tax that resulted in the American Revolutionary War. Battle of Fort Niagara

  4. Ch. 3, Section 4: The French & Indian War Worksheet (pgs. 85-88) 1.) What area of North America did both the French & British desire to control? - Answer: The Ohio Valley (Ohio River Valley)

  5. Ch. 3, Section 4: The French & Indian War Worksheet (pgs. 85-88) Quebec● 2.) Where were the French settlements located in North America? - Quebec (1609) – founded by Samuel de Champlain - New Orleans (1718) - Control of the Mississippi River Valley New Orleans ●

  6. Ch. 3, Section 4: The French & Indian War Worksheet (pgs. 85-88) 3.) How did the French & English colonies in North America differ? Some trade. Mainly saw Indians as a barrier; slowing their progress west to establish farms & plantations. Large, Wealthy Farm Families Farming & Fur Trapping Friendlier; relied on Indians to trap/trade with. Trade = alliances. Intermarriage was common. Un-married Traders, Fur Trappers, & Catholic Priests Trading & Fur Trapping

  7. Ch. 3, Section 4: The French & Indian War Worksheet (pgs. 85-88) 4.) What prompted the start of the French & Indian War? - British attempted to evict the French from the Ohio country to allow Virginia planters to move in. - Ft. Duquesne - French - Ft. Necessity - British - (May 1754) British attack French soldiers; French counterattacked Ft. Necessity & defeated George Washington. - Ft. Necessity surrendered & the war began. George Washington at Ft. Necessity

  8. Ch. 3, Section 4: The French & Indian War Worksheet (pgs. 85-88) 5.) What events led to Britain’s victory over the French? - New leadership under Prime Minister William Pitt. - Alliance with the powerful Iroquois. - The British capture of the city of Quebec (Sept 1759).

  9. Ch. 3, Section 4: The French & Indian War Worksheet (pgs. 85-88) 6.) What problems were brought about for Britain by its victory in the French & Indian War? - Native American fears that British settlers crossing the Appalachian Mountains drive away the wild game they depended on. - Attacks on British forts by Indians = increased tensions. - Problems enforcing the Proclamation of 1763. - Financial crisis; how would the war & protection of the colonies be paid for. - 10,000+ troops stationed in America = $$$$ - British national debt nearly doubled.

  10. and After. Before the War…

  11. British Colonies - 1763 -

  12. North American Territorial Claims (1763)

  13. Ch. 3, Section 4: The French & Indian War Worksheet (pgs. 85-88) 7.) What tensions developed between the colonies & Britain after the war? - Banned settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains to keep peace with the Indians. - Created a proclamation line that settlers were not to cross. - British could not enforce. - Colonists poured across the line. - Increased Indian tensions. Proclamation of 1763 1.) Halved duty on foreign made molasses (help reduce smuggling). 2.) Placed duties on certain imports. (wines, fine fabrics, etc.) 3.) Tough prosecution of smuggling cases in British vs. colonial courts. - Increased tensions about how the colonies should be taxed & governed. Sugar Act (1764) - Boston’s colonial merchants were outraged. - Increased tensions between Massachusetts & Britain over smuggling. - Allowed customs officials to search, ships, buildings, & homes. Writs of Assistance

  14. “Join, or Die” By Benjamin Franklin & first published in his Pennsylvania Gazette on May 9, 1754.

  15. Today’s Lesson Standard / Indicator Standard USHC-1:The student will demonstrate an understanding of the conflicts between regional and national interest in the development of democracy in the United States. USHC-1.2:Summarize the early development of representative government & political rights in the American Colonies, including the influence of the British political system & the rule of law as written in the Magna Carta & the English Bill of Rights, & the conflict between the colonial legislature & the British Parliament over the rights to tax that resulted in the American Revolutionary War.

  16. Chapter 4.1: The Stirrings of Rebellion - Most colonies were royal colonies prior to the Am. Revolution. - Parliament’s control = limited by distance & desire. - Post-1720s = English policy of salutary neglect = colonists governed themselves. - Colonial assemblies had right to tax colonial citizens. - Change to this policy = colonists revolted. Stamp Act protestors loot & burn a tax official’s house in Boston.

  17. Chapter 4.1: The Stirrings of Rebellion - French & Indian War(1754-63) = Parliament abandoned salutary neglect, enforced mercantilist policies, & cracked down on smugglers. - Britain imposed taxes to help pay the war debt. - Admiralty courts were established (Sugar Act) = violated the right to a trial by a jury of one’s peers (Magna Carta). - Americans reacted by protesting the courts & increased smuggling. House of Commons, Parliament

  18. Chapter 4.1: The Stirrings of Rebellion - Colonists against the Stamp Act = direct tax vs. an indirect (import) tax. - Parliament failed to recognize colonial assemblies’ right to collect taxes = ‘taxation without representation’. - Sons & Daughters of Liberty formed. - Stamp Act Congress = economic boycott; helped repeal the Stamp Act.

  19. Stamp Act Congress created the “Sons & Daughters of Liberty” to protest British Taxes. 5 Shilling Tax Stamp Pennsylvania Journal, October 1765 Sons of Liberty as depicted in the British Press

  20. Paul Revere’s “Bloody Massacre Perpetrated in King Street” (March 5, 1770)

  21. Chapter 4.1: The Stirrings of Rebellion - Stationing of British troops in the colonies = Boston Massacre & further colonial resentment. Paul Revere’s “Bloody Massacre Perpetrated in King Street” (March 5, 1770)

  22. Chapter 4.1: The Stirrings of Rebellion A “Notice” for the Boston Tea Party Samuel Adams, member of the Sons of Liberty

  23. 4.1 Stirrings of Rebellion Cont. Chapter 4.1: The Stirrings of Rebellion “Boston Tea Party” (1773): Sons of Liberty dressed as Indians, boarded ships & dumped tea in harbor.

  24. Chapter 4.1: The Stirrings of Rebellion - Townshend Acts resulted in continuation of the boycott. - Tea Act» Boston Tea Party » “Intolerable” (Coercive)Acts, » 1st Continental Congress » “shot heard ‘round the world” at Lexington & Concord = Am. Revolution.

  25. Chapter 4.1: The Stirrings of Rebellion A little “food for thought”… - We were still Englishmen at this point, & we were protesting about the loss of our ‘rights as Englishmen’ & against ‘taxation without representation’. - We weren’t protesting against the taxes because the taxes were too high nor were we attempting to form a new kind of government. - We were trying to hold onto the government that had been developed during the time of salutary neglect. - We didn’t want representation in Parliament; since we would have been outvoted. We wanted British recognition that only the colonial legislatures had the right to impose taxes on the citizens. Protesting under the Liberty Tree

  26. Ch. 4, Section 1: The Stirrings of Rebellion (pgs. 96-102) - organizing the Sons of Liberty; demonstrating & protesting; holding the Stamp Act Congress; writing the Declaration of Rights & Grievances; boycotting British goods. - repealing the Stamp Act; issuing the Declaratory Act. increase revenue from the colonies; finance debts from the French & Indian War, as well as from European wars. - demonstrating & protesting; & boycotting British goods. - colonists were unwilling to accept an indirect tax designed to collect taxes rather than to regulate trade. - enforcing the act; stationing troops in Boston. - repealing all taxes, except on tea, increase revenues from the Colonies; an indirect tax on a list of goods including tea.

  27. Ch. 4, Section 1: The Stirrings of Rebellion (pgs. 96-102) to save the East India Tea Company from bankruptcy. not a tax, but permission for a monopoly on the sale of tea in the colonies = tea sold at a lower price. dumping 15,000 pounds of the East India Company’s tea; holding the Boston Tea Party. passing the Intolerable Acts. holding the First Continental Congress; pulling together to support protests in Massachusetts; making military preparations. marching troops to Concord to seize illegal weapons & by Engaging in battle. punish the colonists for the Boston Tea Party; tighten control over Massachusetts.

  28. Daily “Bell Ringer” Warm Up Bell Ringer #7 & #8 (13 & 14 Sept) 7.) Which idea from the Magna Carta & English Bill of Rights influenced colonial attitudes about self-government? a.) establishing religious freedom. b.) allowing freedom of the press. c.) limiting the power of the monarchy. d.) setting up free & open elections. CORRECT ANSWER: C 8.) How did passage of such laws as the Tea Act, the Sugar Act, & the Stamp Act influence the colonists? a.) It persuaded them to want to revolt against Britain. b.) It caused an increased division between the southern & northern colonies. c.) It encouraged them to adopt similar laws in their colonial assemblies. d.) It led to an economic recession because colonist spent so much on taxes. CORRECT ANSWER: A

  29. Today’s Lesson Standard / Indicator Standard USHC-1:The student will demonstrate an understanding of the conflicts between regional and national interest in the development of democracy in the United States. USHC-1.3: Analyze the impact of the Declaration of Independence & the American Revolution on establishing the ideas of a democratic republic. Signing of the Declaration of Independence Adopted July 2, 1776; Announced July 4th

  30. Chapter 4.2: Ideas Help Start a Revolution - Declaration of Independence (1776) = written to further the colonial cause for conflict with Britain (in 2nd year). - Addressed to colonial loyalists & those uncommitted to independence. - Expresses the concept oflimited government.

  31. Chapter 4.2: Ideas Help Start a Revolution - “Declaration” based on John Locke’s ideas; Enlightenment philosopher. - Ideals of democracy = principles of equality & natural rights of “life, liberty & the pursuit of happiness”. - Government’s purpose: secure those rights. - “Right of the people to alter or abolish” government when the peoples’ rights are not protected. English Enlightenment Philosopher John Locke

  32. Chapter 4.2: Ideas Help Start a Revolution - “Declaration” = king, not Parliament, had violated colonial rights. - Repeat actions “He” did = designed to break bonds between the King & his loyalists subjects & unify the new nation against a common enemy. - Thomas Paine wrote Common Sense based on Locke‘s ideas. Thomas Paine

  33. Chapter 4.2: Ideas Help Start a Revolution - Benjamin Franklin & Thomas Jefferson were heavily influenced by Enlightenment ideas (Locke & Paine) = “natural rights”. - Jefferson took this into account when authoring the Dec. of Independence.

  34. Chapter 4.2: Ideas Help Start a Revolution - Declaration = approved on July 2, 1776 by the 2nd Continental Congress. - Not announced until July 4, 1776. - Colonies now a United States in the struggle against Britain.

  35. Ch. 4, Section 2: The Stirrings of Rebellion Worksheet: Ideals Help Start a Revolution 1. What did the Continental Congress do to bring about peace? - Sent the Olive Branch Petition to King George.

  36. Daily “Bell Ringer” Warm Up Bell Ringer #9 (17 & 18 Sept) Write down the highlighted sections of the quote: Most Gracious Sovereign: We, your Majesty's faithful subjects in the Colonies of…. Attached to your Majesty's person, family, & government, with all devotion that principle & affection can inspire; connected with Great Britain by the strongest ties that can unite societies, & deploring every event that tends in any degree to weaken them, we solemnly assure your Majesty, that we not only most ardently desire the former harmony between her & these Colonies may be restored… We therefore beseech your Majesty, that your royal authority & influence may be graciously interposed to procure us relief from our afflicting fears & jealousies…with all humility submitting to your Majesty's wise consideration… 9.) From which of the following documents does this excerpt come from? a.) The Declaration of the Rights of Man b.) The Olive Branch Petition c.) The “Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death” Speech d.) The Declaration of Independence CORRECT ANSWER: B (July 5, 1775)

  37. Battle Briefs: Key Battles of the American Revolution April 18 & 19, 1775 Massachusetts Militia/Minutemen General Gage X - British marched to capture munitions @ Concord & to capture John Adams & John Hancock = failed. - Opening shots of the American Revolution. - “Shot Heard Round the World”.

  38. Battle Briefs: Key Battles of the American Revolution June 17, 1775 Massachusetts Colonel Prescott General Gage X - British made three attempts to overtake rebel positions. - Succeeded on the third attempt (rebels ran out of ammo). - Deadliest battle of the war (450 colonists / 1000 British). - “Don’t shoot till you see the whites of their eyes”!

  39. Battle Briefs: Key Battles of the American Revolution Dec 26, 1776 New Jersey General Washington Colonel Rahl X - Daring “Risk-it-All” raid on Hessians (2400 rebels). - Killed 30 Hessians, Captured 918, & 6 much needed cannon. - Much needed morale victory after a year of rebel losses/retreats.

  40. The Battle of Trenton, Dec 26, 1776 “Washington Crossing the Delaware” by Emanuel Leutze

  41. Battle Briefs: Key Battles of the American Revolution Oct 17, 1777 New York General Gates General Burgoyne X - Burgoyne’s men surrendered to Gates’ rebel force. - New British strategy – keep close to naval support along coast. - American victory convinces France to ally with Americans.

  42. Battle Briefs: Key Battles of the American Revolution Pennsylvania Winter of 1777-1778 Gen. Washington Baron von Steuben (Prussia) Marquis de Lafayette (France) - Low point of the war for the Americans. - Steuben provides effective training for the troops. - Lafayette lobbied for French support. - Americans emerge from the miserable winter better trained & more disciplined – effective fighting force.

  43. Battle Briefs: Key Battles of the American Revolution South Carolina Jan 17, 1781 General Morgan General Cornwallis X - Rebels & Continental Army draw Cornwallis into a fight. - Outnumbered rebels defeat the British. - Cornwallis’ troops pull out of SC & head north.

  44. Battle Briefs: Key Battles of the American Revolution Virginia Sept-Oct 1781 (Oct 17) General Cornwallis General Washington X - 3 week siege of Cornwallis’ troops. - French navy defeats British navy & blocks escape route. - Cornwallis raised the white flag of surrender. - Next step – peace talks!

  45. Battle Briefs: Key Battles of the American Revolution Seeking Peace - Negotiations took place in Paris, France. - Delegates signed the Treaty of Paris (1783). - Confirmed the US as independent. - Set land boundaries. Challenge of Creating a Government - How to form a stable government that allowed peoples voices to be heard….? - To Be Continued….

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