比较等级和比较结构 Comparative Degree & Comparative Construction

1. 比较等级和比较结构Comparative Degree & Comparative Construction

2. 比较等级Comparative Degree • 原级：Positive Degree • 比较级：Comparative Degree • 最高级：Superlative Degree

3. 比较级修饰语 • 常用的副词修饰语 • many, much, far, a little, a bit, slightly, a great deal, a lot, somewhat, rather, completely, etc. • This essay is not good, but that one is hardly better. • ? much more happy

4. 当数词用在比较结构中，其顺序通常为“数词＋比较级＋than”.当数词用在比较结构中，其顺序通常为“数词＋比较级＋than”. • My watch is ten minutes faster than yours. • We've sunk 20 more wells this year than we did last year. • It was one-fourth cheaper than the market price. • The new method was over ten times more efficient than the traditional one.

5. 没有等级的形容词 • inferior to, superior to, senior to • She is senior to everyone else in the company. • His composition is far superior to mine. 

6. 绝对形容词无比较级或最高级 • absolute, unique, infinite, round, right, wrong, correct, perfect • Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a unique place in English literature.

7. 结构“of a + noun”的比较级 • be of a + noun = be adj. • 比较级：be more/less of a + noun • He is more of a doctor. • He is as of an athlete as she.

8. 基本的比较结构 • 1. as + adj./adv.(原级)＋ as 分句 • John behaves as politely as Bob (does). • 否定形式：not as/so ... as ; less ...than

9. 该结构的变体： • The girl was as brilliant as she was beautiful. • This swimming pool is as wide as it is long. • He is not so wise as he is witty. • He was as base and unworthy as his father had been upright and honorable.

10. He took as much butter as he needed. • She has written as many essays as her brother (has). • George is as efficient a worker as Jack. • I can't drink as sweet coffee as this. • ? I don’t smoke as expensive cigarettes as these.

11. 2. adj./adv.(比较级) ＋ than -分句 • 否定形式：not as/so ... as ; less ...than • more/ less/ fewer + 名词 ＋ than-分句 • She has written more essays than he. • There are fewer visitors today than yesterday.

12. 其它变体： • My brother has a larger house than mine. • There are men more intelligent than John. • John is more efficient a worker than Jack.

13. 特殊比较结构 • 1. more...than 和less... than 的翻译方法 • The present crisis is much more a political than an economic crisis. • He was less hurt than frightened. • 2. not so... as 和 not so much...as • It wasn't so much his appearance I liked as his personality.

14. 3. not more/-er than 与 no more/-er than • John is not better than Tom. • John is no better than Tom. • e.g. no richer than, no bigger than, no later than • I have not taken more than six courses this semester. • I have taken no more than six courses this semester.

15. 4. the more... the more • The older I get, the happier I am. • The more you argue with him, the less notice he takes. • The sooner this is done, the better. • The higher the temperature, the faster the liquid evaporates.

16. 5. the same... as • She looks just the same as before. • I got the same feeling as you did. • 6. 否定＋比较级＝最高级 • Nothing in my life shook me so deeply as my first visit to China. • It can't be worse.

17. 7. 比较级中的省略现象 • than 从句和as从句大致相同，可以省去谓语或表语，保留主语； • He is taller than I. • 也可以省去主语和谓语，保留宾语。 • I love him more than her. • It's more pleasant traveling by day than by night. (?)

18. 比较从句可以省去主语（或将than看作代词作主语用），保留谓语部分。（多用于正式文体）比较从句可以省去主语（或将than看作代词作主语用），保留谓语部分。（多用于正式文体） • Don't eat more than is good for you. • There may be more importance in it than would seem. • 省去宾语： • The box is bigger than I wanted.

19. 有时在比较省略结构中，than 之后可用动词不定式。 • I can't do better than to give you an idea of how I did it. • There was nothing he desired more than to see the matter ended. • 但有些固定短语中than后要加不带to的不定式。 • I would rather stay than go. • Sooner than yield he resolved to die.

20. Practice • Do you know Tim’s brother? He is _________ than Tim. • A. much more sportsman • B. more of a sportsman • C. more of sportsman • D. more a sportsman

21. That trumpet player was certainly loud. But I wasn't bothered by his loudness ___ by his lack of talent. • a) so much as b) rather than • c) as d) than

22. The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of a fully-loaded truck, ____ to the truck. • a) the greater stress is • b) greater is the stress • c) the stress is greater • d) the greater the stress

23. Issues of price, place, promotion and product are _____ conventional concerns in planning marketing strategies. • a) these of the most • b) most of those • c) among the most • d) among the many of

24. John is ____ hardworking than his sister, but he failed in the exam. • a) no less b) no more • c) not less d) no so • The children prefer camping in the mountains ____ an indoor activity. • a) to b) than c) for d) with

25. Language belongs to each member of the society, to the cleaner ___ to the professor. • a) as far as b) the same as • c) as much as d) as long as

26. The experiment requires more money than___. • A. have been put in • B. being put in • C. has been put in • D. to be put in 

27. There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of mountain climbing than ___ in the public mind today. • A. exists B. exist • C. existing D. to exist

28. The indoor swimming pool seems to be a great more luxurious than ______. • a) is necessary • b) being necessary • c) to be necessary • d) it is necessary

29. Western Nebraska generally receives less snow than ____ Eastern Nebraska. • a) in b) it receives in • c) does d) it does in