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Prodding Magnetic Properties Of Electrodeposited Nickel By Magnetic Force Microscope (MFM)

Prodding Magnetic Properties Of Electrodeposited Nickel By Magnetic Force Microscope (MFM). Arpita Das, A.Mallik, B.C.Ray arpita.abc@gmail.com archananitrkl@gmail.com drbcray@gmail.com. DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROURKELA

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Prodding Magnetic Properties Of Electrodeposited Nickel By Magnetic Force Microscope (MFM)

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  1. Prodding Magnetic Properties Of Electrodeposited Nickel By Magnetic Force Microscope (MFM) Arpita Das, A.Mallik, B.C.Ray arpita.abc@gmail.com archananitrkl@gmail.com drbcray@gmail.com DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROURKELA 769008

  2. Out lines • Why Electrodeposited Nickel • The Electrochemistry Principle • Acoustic Cavitation • Principle of Magnetic Force Microscope (MFM) • Experimental/ Results and Discussion • Conclusion

  3. Why Electrodeposited Nickel? Electronics: MICRO CHIPS MEMS GEAR SENSOR INTEGRATED CIRCUIT Magnetic Applications: • Audio, Video, computer memories • Magnetic read/ write heads

  4. The Electrochemistry Principle Electrochemistry on other methods: • Speed and accuracy. • Highly dense deposits. • Relatively low cost of application . • Selectivity and Specificity. Deposition Parameters: • Current density, Potential • pH, Bath composition • Electrolyte circulation rate • Temperature, Pressure

  5. Acoustic cavitation Bubble Collapse due to Implosion Bubble Fragmented Particle Particles • Extreme fast mass transport • Affects the crystallization process • Degassing at the electrode surface

  6. Principle Of Magnetic Force Microscope • Small cantilever is used to detect the magnetic force between the tip and the sample. • Senses the stray magnetic field above the surface of the sample. • Magnetic domain structure of the sample achieved up to 50nm resolution. Force between tip and sample is given by

  7. MFM modes 1 2 3 (Phase mode) (Amplitude mode) (TM Deflection)

  8. Nickel Deposition ( Chronoamperometry) (Silent) (Ultrasonic) Table-I: Characteristic kinetic parameters of current transients with and without sonication

  9. XRD Analysis: (Williamson–Hall formula) (Silent) (Ultrasonic) Table-2: Calculated Crystallite size and Stain of Ni deposits:

  10. SEM Analysis: Silent Ultrasonic -1V -1.3V -1.5V

  11. MFM analysis Deposits in silent conditions Deposits in sonicated conditions −1.3 V −1.5 V

  12. MFM analysis −1.3 V −1.5 V (Silent) (Sonication)

  13. Conclusions • From the XRD analysis it was found that the crystallite size decreases with ultrasonic irradiation. • Again as the negative potential increases there is a grain refinement confirmed from • the SEM analysis. Again with increase in negative overpotential surface coverage is • more. • The magnetic domain structures are more uniform on the surface and the surface • roughness decreases with ultrasonic irradiation. • Our current understanding of the driving forces responsible for this transient behavior is • still inadequate and need more accurate measurement before close to a final conclusion.

  14. References GyanaR. Pattanaik, Dinesh K. Pandya, Subhash C. Kashyap ”Giant magnetoresistance in Cu–Co films electrodeposited on n-Si“, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 234 (2001) 294–298. C. Meneghini , S. Mobilio, A. Garc_ıa-Prieto , M.L.F. Fdez-Gubieda,“Structure and magnetic properties in Co-Cu granular alloys, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 200 (2003) 215–219. LI Chao-qun, LI Xin-hai, WANG Zhi-xin, GUO Hua-jun, “Nickel electrodeposition from novel citrate bath”, Trans. Nonferrous Met. SOC. China 17, 1300 (2007). Haijun Zhao Lei Liu, Jianhua Zhu, Yiping Tang, WenbinHu, “Microstructure and corrosion behavior of electrodeposited nickel prepared from a sulphamate bath”, Materials Letters 61, 1605 (2007). A.M. Rashidi , A. Amadeh, “The effect of current density on the grain size of electrodeposited nanocrystalline nickel coatings”, Surface & Coatings Technology 2023772(2008). Kyung Seek Lewa, M. Rajab, S. Thanikaikarasanb, TaekyuKimc, Yong DeakKima, T. Mahalingam, “Effect of pH and current density in electrodeposited Co–Ni–P alloy thin films”, Materials Chemistry and Physics 112, 249 (2008). Amaresh Chandra Mishra , Awalendra K. Thakur , V. Srinivas, “Effect of deposition parameters on microstructure of electrodeposited nickel thin films”, J Mater Sci 44, 3520(2009). A. Mallik, B. C. Ray, “Thin Solid Films”, 517, 2009, 6612. M. N. Patil, A. B. Pandit, Cavitation, “UltrasonicsSonochemistry”, 14, 2007, 519. A. Mallik, A. Bankoti, B. C. Ray,” Electrochemical and solid-state Letters”, 12, 2009, F46.

  15. Thank You

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