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Computer Organization and Architecture

Computer Organization and Architecture. CS 343 Anne Smith-Thompson. Introduction. Meaningful ways to evaluate the performance of a computer. Use methods of evaluation to define ways to improve performance Understand the representation of data and commands

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Computer Organization and Architecture

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  1. Computer Organization and Architecture CS 343 Anne Smith-Thompson

  2. Introduction • Meaningful ways to evaluate the performance of a computer. • Use methods of evaluation to define ways to improve performance • Understand the representation of data and commands • Understand the execution of commands on a machine level

  3. Components of a Computer • Processor, or CPU: included control unit and datapath • Memory: registers, cache, hard drives, external devices • Input/Output: including keyboard, mouse, monitor, storage.

  4. Hardware / Software Interface? • What is meant by the hardware/software interface? • How do hardware and software affect each other? • How does changing/”improving” one affect the other? • How do we achieve a balance in evaluating computer performance?

  5. Evaluating Performance • Execution Time • CPU Time – user and system times • Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) • Clock Speed – clock cycles, clock period • Relative Performance • Throughput

  6. Relative Performance A is n times faster than B if • performanceA / performanceB = n • execution timeB / execution timeA= n

  7. Clock Time

  8. Clock Time Example • Our favorite program runs in 10 seconds on computer A, which has a 2 GHz clock. We are trying to help a computer designer build a computer, B, which will run this program in 6 seconds. The designer has determined that a substantial increase in the clock rate is possible, but this increase will affect the rest of the CPU design, causing computer B to require 1.2 times as many clock cycles as computer A for this program. What clock rate should we tell the designer to target? • (cited: Patterson, David A.; John L. Hennessy (2008-11-10). Computer Organization and Design, Fourth Edition: The Hardware/Software Interface (The Morgan Kaufmann Series in Computer Architecture and Design) (Kindle Locations 1051-1054). Morgan Kaufmann. Kindle Edition.)

  9. Clock Rate Problem Solution • First, solve for the number of cycles used by the program on CPUA = 2 * cycles • Next, solve for the clock rate on CPUBwhich needs 20% (1.2 times) the number of cycles

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