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Chiefdom Development Planning as a Framework for Sustainable Rural Development. A Paper Presented at Regional Implementation Workshop for IFAD - Supported Projects and Programmes Prepared by: Norman, Dumsile and Jerry Venue: Joaquim Chissano International Conference Centre
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Chiefdom Development Planning as a Framework for Sustainable Rural Development A Paper Presented at Regional Implementation Workshop for IFAD - Supported Projects and Programmes Prepared by: Norman, Dumsile and Jerry Venue: Joaquim Chissano International Conference Centre (Maputo) Date: 15 November 2010
Presentation Outline Background Land Tenure in Swaziland Adminstration of land in Swaziland Acquisition of land under Swazi Nation Land Access to land The need for a Chiefdom Development Plan (CDP) The Process of CDP development The CDP lauch Challenges and Mitigation Measures Conclusion
Background • This presentation serves to provide information on the sustainable management of land and water to improve agriculture production through the use of the Chiefdom Development Plan (CDP) as a frame work for land use in the LowerUsuthu Smallholder Irrigation Project (LUSIP). • The goal of LUSIP is the reduction of poverty and sustained improvement in the standard of living of the population in the Project Development Area (PDA) through commercialization and intensification of agriculture.
Land Tenure in Swaziland Land Tenure in Swaziland is divided mainly into two: • Title Deed Land: This is land in respect of which a person could have a title to it and could be sold and bonded • Swazi Nation Land: This is land that is held in trust by the Ingwenyama (His Majesty the King) on behalf of the Swazi Nation. Section 211 of the Swaziland Constitution provides: “…All land (including any existing concession) in Swaziland, save as privately held title-deed land, shall continue to vest in Ingwenyama in trust for the Swazi Nation…” This is land that is mainly found in the rural area where the majority of Swazis live.
Administration of land in Swaziland • Swazi Nation land is administered by Chiefs, on behalf of His Majesty the King (Ingwenyama). • The Swaziland Constitution in s.212, establishes the Land Management Board responsible for the overall management, and for the regulation of any right or interest in land whether urban or rural or vesting in Ingwenyama in trust for the Swazi nation. • According to the Constitution, in performing its functions, the Board shall be accountable to Ingwenyama.
Acquisition of land under Swazi Nation Land • Swazis access land through the Khonta (be given land) system. The process followed under this custom is that, once a person has been accepted by the Inner Council (Bandlancane) to be allocated land in the community, he is required to pay a cow as a token of appreciation. The Inner Council representatives walk the boundary and tie a knot (kubopha lifindvo) • Members of the community nearby the new site are also informed so that they can come to witness the allocation
Access to land • An unmarried woman cannot khonta (be given land) on her own. She can only be allowed to khonta through her male child • This customary requirement has been found to be somewhat cumbersome for women. It is worth noting that unmarried men cannot also acquire land through kukhonta under Swazi Nation Land. • Section 20 and 28 of the Swaziland Constitution also clothe women with equality before the law
The need for a CDP • A CDP is a tool for community planning • It is comprehensive in detailing how a particular community intends developing, and it sets out targets and timelines for such intended development • It’s fundamental underlying principles are; empowerment, self-reliance, responsiveness, partnership, accountability, transparency, equal participation, inclusiveness, responsibility, equity, efficiency, consensus buildingand representation. • It empowers communities to effectively participate and support equitable fransformation processes
The Process of CDP development • Mobilization of community (SDCs and CDC elected) • Identification of key stakeholders (Government, NGOs, CBOs) • Conduct Training for Transformation Level 1 • Conduct Training for transformation Level 2 (Vision, Mission Statement and objectives) • Conduct Participatory Community Resource Assessment • Facilitate development of Local Economic Development Strategies (Key strategic Focus areas and Objectives) • Compile Draft CDP and present to Traditional Authorities and community for approval/endorsement • CDP Launch by Chief • Facilitate marketing of launched CDP
Process cont... • Consultative meetings are held in each section where men, women and youth engage freely in discussions/dialogue in planning for their chiefdom • Plans made at Chiefdom Section’s level are taken to the CDC for ratification and integration with other plans compiled from the other sections of the chiefdom • The integrated plan is then presented to the chiefdom Traditional Authorities by the CDC • The Inner Council, together with CDC, then presents the Draft CDP document to the Chief in Council for further and final endorsement • The Chief calls a mass community meeting where the CDC Chairperson, through the Headman (Indvuna), presents the CDP Draft document to community members. In such a meeting, community members are given the opportunity to ask questions, add information, or get clarification on what is contained in the document. • The whole exercise takes +92 days dependant on the size of the chiefdom and sections, as well cooperation of the people and local leadership
THE CDP PROCESS • 1. Introduction to Sustainable Dev. • 2. Group formation • 3. Group dynamics • 3. Communication • 4. Conflict resolution • 5. Leadership qualities • 6. Decision making • 7. Gender equality in development • 8. Socio-economic rights • 9. Management of meetings • 10.Constitution development 1. Identification of stakeholders 2. Contact stakeholders 3. Profiling stakeholders 4. Role definition 1. Introduction meetings 2. Community profiling 3. Elections of SDCS, CDCS by community 1. Introduction to CDP process (CD Planning Awareness) 2. Envisioning 3. CDP Development plan Conduct Training for Transformation Level 1 (10days) Conduct Training for Transformation Level 2 (3days) Mobilization (7 days) Identification of key Stakeholders (3 days) Approved SDCs, CDCs & Communication structure Key Stakeholders list endorsed by SDCs , CDCs & TA . Stakeholder analysis report Trainees List & Certificates issued! Training Report Vision & Mission Statements; Values & Objectives Accepted by TA & Trainees List and Task Team formed 1. Train task team on Local Economic Development (LED) strategies 2. Allocate Resources 3. Development of LED strategies and prioritize (rank) strategies 4. Workshop strategies to SDCs, CDC & Bucopho 1.Train Task Team on resource assessment 2. Conduct Resource Assessment (PRA) 3. Produce Reports & Maps 4. Present Assessment reports to SDCs, CDC, TA 1. Compilation of strategies into a plan 2. Presentation to LUSIP Management for quality check up 1. Workshop TA, CDC on the Draft Strategy 3. Design and print approved CDP document Conduct Participatory Community Resource Assessment (30 days) Facilitate development of LED strategies (6 days) Compile Draft CDP document (15 days) Present Draft Plan/Strategy to TA for Approval (8 days) Draft CDP document approved by LUSIP Management Approved Strategies signed off by TA, Designed & printed Strategic Focus Areas endorsed by SDCs, CDCs & Bucopho Community Resource Assessment Current land-use map endorsed Report 1. Prepare for Launch – agenda, venue, invitees & refreshments 2. Prepare posters, CDP booklets 1. Workshop CDC, TA on project proposal writing, negotiations 2. Reporting on implementation of Plan Facilitate Launching of CDP (7days) Facilitate marketing of launched CDP (3days) CDP Launched by Chief, Key stakeholders invited & booklets issued. Empowered SDCs, CDC, TAs on Proposal Writing, Project Implementation, Negotiations & Participatory Monitoring & Evaluation (Reporting) Total # of days = +92 This is dependant on the size of the chiefdom & # of sections & cooperation of the people/ local leadership.
The CDP Launch • After the community’s endorsement, the CDP is launched by the Chief where key stakeholders are invited to attend • The Chief endorses the CDP publicly • The launch is significant in the sense that it provides opportunities for theTraditional Authorities to market/sell the Plan to potential Funders and targeted Government Ministries.
Conclusion • The CDP approach, being bottom-up in nature is more ideal for sustainable development • A CDP outlines a clear communication and leadership structure within the chiefdom • It plays a paramount role in ensuring that the TA of that particular Chiefdom take a leading role in ensuring that the CDP is implemented • The CDP is complementing government’s decentralization strategy, and is even more forward-looking because it gives the community members an opportunity to shape their own destiny • There is a need for an adoption of a national rural development framework that will serve as a guide to all development initiatives in Swaziland • The general consensus, among stakeholders, is that CDPs could be an ideal framework for sustainable rural development
