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Volcanic Landforms

Volcanic Landforms. Landforms From Lava and Ash. Rock and other materials formed from lava create a variety of landforms including shield volcanoes, composite volcanoes, cinder cone volcanoes, and lava plateaus. Shield Volcanoes.

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Volcanic Landforms

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  1. Volcanic Landforms

  2. Landforms From Lava and Ash • Rock and other materials formed from lava create a variety of landforms including shield volcanoes, composite volcanoes, cinder cone volcanoes, and lava plateaus.

  3. Shield Volcanoes • A wide gently sloping mountain made of layers of lava and formed by quiet eruptions. • Shield volcanoes rising from a hot spot on the ocean floor created the Hawaiian Islands.

  4. Cinder Cone Volcanoes • A steep cone shaped hill or mountain. • Cinder cone volcanoes occur from pile up of cinders, bombs, and ash from an explosive volcano.

  5. Composite Volcano • Tall, cone shaped mountains in which layers of lava alternate with layers of ash. • Examples: Mt. Saint Helens, Mt. Fuji

  6. Lava Plateau • High level areas formed from lava • Example: Columbia Plateau Caldera: • A huge hole left by the collapse of a volcanic mountain. • The hole is filled with the pieces of the volcano that have fallen inward as well as some lava and ash.

  7. Soils from lava and ash • Soils made from volcanic ash is some of the richest soil in the world. • Volcanic ash breaks down and releases potassium, phosphorus, and other materials that plants need. • People settle near volcanoes to take advantage of the fertile soil.

  8. Landforms from Magma • Features formed from magma include: volcanic necks, dikes, and sills, as well as batholiths and dome mountains. Volcanic necks, dikes, and sills: • A neck forms when magma hardens in a volcanoes pipe. • Magma that forces itself across rock layers hardens into a dike.

  9. When magma squeezes between layers of rock it is called a sill. Batholiths: • A mass of rock formed when a large body of magma cools inside the crust. Dome Mountains: • Forms when rising magma is blocked by horizontal layers of rock. The magma forces the layers of rock to bend upward into a dome shape

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