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Population Revision

Population Revision. GCSE 2012. This will be the 1 st question on the exam. In my opinion this may be the easier section You should still revise the other section- settlement Use the table to sort your revision for this section 3 case studies we must have:-

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Population Revision

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  1. Population Revision GCSE 2012

  2. This will be the 1st question on the exam • In my opinion this may be the easier section • You should still revise the other section- settlement • Use the table to sort your revision for this section • 3 case studies we must have:- • 1- A case study to illustrate strategies to influence natural population change within a country. • 2- A case study of international migration to illustrate the causes, consequences and management. • 3- A case study of migration within one country.

  3. What do you need to know? How and why are there variations between the population structures of countries? What are the causes and consequences of natural population change over time? Why does migration occur and what are its effects?

  4. How and why are there variations between the population structures of countries?

  5. content Countries have individual age and gender profiles. Population structure varies between countries of different levels of economic development. The population structure of individual countries changes over time.

  6. What has happened to Earth’s population?

  7. World growth- key points Has been steady till 11th century Slow growth till 1500 Real growth from Asia- China / India have roughly 1/3 of world population What are the consequences? World population to reach 7 billion in October 2011

  8. How does a countries population change?

  9. How does population change? Birth rate- number of live babies born per 1000 of the population per year Death rate- number of deaths per 1000 of the population per year Natural increase of a countries population is when Birth rate > death rate Natural decrease of a countries population is when death rate > birth rate

  10. Life and death What do we mean when we talk about birth and death rates? • The number of babies being born in a country each year is the birth rate. • The number of people who die in a country each year is the death rate. • These rates are measured for each 1000 of the population. A country’s birth rate is 10. This means that 10 people are born for every 1000 of the population per year. If the country’s population was 10,000 then there would be 100 extra people in the country after one year.

  11. Natural increase The data from the birth and death rates can be used to work out the natural increase in a country’s population. Natural Increase = Birth rate - Death rate • If it is a positive number, the country’s population is increasing. • If it is a negative number, the country’s population is decreasing. High birth rates combined with longer life expectancy have contributed towards the world population explosion.

  12. What will happen to the population when………………………..????????

  13. The population and structure is linked to development

  14. Study of contrasting population pyramids of an LEDC and an MEDC and how they change over time As countries become more developed, birth and death rates change Countries move through the Demographic Transition Model Life expectancy increases with development

  15. MEDCs and LEDCs The level of development of the country can impact on how quickly its population is rising. • Countries with a lot of money are called More Economically Developed Countries (MEDCs). • Countries with less money are called Less Economically Developed Countries (LEDCs). • Transitionalcountries are states which are becoming more economically developed.

  16. What is a population pyramid? The elderly dependents- people who are reliant on the younger economically active The young dependents- children aged between 0-15 rely on 16-64 to provide for them

  17. Population structure MEDCs and LEDCs usually have differently structuredpopulationsdue to differences in their birth and death rates. The population structure of a country is usually drawn on a graph called apopulation pyramid. This shows the total population of males and females in different age ranges. How would you describe the structure of this population pyramid?

  18. A LEDC Characteristics- Broad base- indicating a high birth rate Narrows towards its peak High death rate High Birth rate High number of young dependents

  19. religious opposition to birth control etc. lack of education on family planning/birth control Many babies die Children seen as sign of virility • importance attached to large families/ Why a high birth rate? Poor healthcare No / little use of contraception early marriage • government policies regarding birth control children look after family members who are old/ill Women’s role? • children used as workforce/seen as economic asset • low status of women/denied right to decide on having children/poor education of women

  20. Poor hygiene- no piped, clean water and no sewage disposal Why a high death rate? Disease famine Little medical science- few doctors, hospitals or drugs

  21. A MEDC Characteristics Broad pyramid for all age groups- Growing size at peak Increasing size of elderly Narrowing base as Birth rate declines

  22. Why does the death rate fall? • improved medical care/hospitals/vaccinations • • improved water supply/sewage disposal/sanitation • • diet/food supply- machines – fertilisers /farming • • improved housing/standard of living/jobs • • education about hygiene/contraception/STD/jobs/nutrition.

  23. Why does the birth rate fall? • family planning • Lower infant mortality rate- less need for children • adults pursuing profession • Increased industrialisation and mechanisation- less need for workers • Increased desire for material possessions- house /cars / holidays • Emancipation of women as workers with careers

  24. issues with population change Overpopulation Controlling a population Ageing populations

  25. overpopulation Is when there are too many people for the resources that the country has available- the optimum population has been exceeded Normally caused by RAPID population growth Symptoms of overpopulation include- widespread poverty, food shortages, unemployment Normally an issue for LEDCs- Bangladesh

  26. Effects of overpopulation- rural Not enough schools Not enough land Overgrasing / over-cultivation Deforestation Food shortages Lack of clean water and sanitation Inadequate health services

  27. Effects of overpopulation - cities • Overcrowding • Growth of shanty houses • Traffic congestion • Overcrowded schools • Inadequate health services • Problems of waste disposal • Unemployment • Under employment • Children forced to work

  28. How is overpopulation controlled? China- birth control programme Immigration laws- selective as to who can come in

  29. Problems- ageing population, kidnaps, top heavy pyramid China – one child policy • Aim – to reduce the birth rate • 1 child- 2 in rural areas if 1st was a girl or if both parents are only children • Benefits- free education- university place, free healthcare • forced abortions and sterilisation • educate women so that they can have a career • guaranteed jobs if only single child in family • loss of benefits/fines for subsequent children; etc. • constant advertisements on TV and in the Press about the benefits of having only one child • ‘granny police’ who advised authorities if a second child was born; etc.

  30. Ageing populations Most MEDCs are facing this problem More and more people are living longer Life expectancy continues to increase

  31. Impact of ageing population • Healthcare stretched • Unpaid carers? • Later retirement • Smaller pensions • The grey vote- winter fuel bills, tv licence, bus passes • Care homes • Meals on wheels • People paying increased taxes to pay for state pensions & healthcare • People having to retire later- >65 • Relaxed immigration to fill void and inject workers into economically active sector

  32. recap

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