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Chapter 3 Doing Cultural Anthropology

Chapter 3 Doing Cultural Anthropology. Key Terms. Ethnography The major research tool of cultural anthropology; includes both fieldwork among people in society and the written results of fieldwork.

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Chapter 3 Doing Cultural Anthropology

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  1. Chapter 3Doing Cultural Anthropology Key Terms

  2. EthnographyThe major research tool of cultural anthropology; includes both fieldwork among people in society and the written results of fieldwork. Ethnographic methodThe intensive study of a particular society and culture as the basis for generating anthropological theory.

  3. EthnologyComparative statements about cultural and social processes that are based on cross-cultural ethnographic data. Fieldwork The firsthand, systematic exploration of a society. It involves living with a group of people and participating in and observing their behavior.

  4. Participant-observationThe fieldwork technique that involves gathering cultural data by observing people’s behavior and participating in their lives. Key Informant A person particularly knowledgeable about his or her own culture who is a major source of the anthropologist’s information.

  5. GenealogyA family history; a chart of family relationships. PositivismA philosophical system concerned with positive facts and phenomenon and excluding speculation on origins or ultimate causes.

  6. Empirical scienceApproach to understanding phenomena based on attempts to observe and record a presumed objective reality. PostmodernismTheory that focuses on issues of power and voice. Postmodernists suggest anthropological accounts are partial truths and reflect the background, training, and social position of their authors.

  7. Andocentric biasThe distortion in theory and ethnography caused by excessive focus on male activities or male perceptions of female activities. • Cross-cultural surveyA research method that uses statistical correlations of traits from many different cultures to test generalizations about culture and human behavior.

  8. Human Relations Area File(HRAF) An ethnographic database including cultural descriptions of more than 300 cultures. Random sampleA selection of items from a total set, chosen on a random, or unbiased basis.

  9. Native anthropologist An anthropologist who does fieldwork in his or her own culture. • Random sample A selection of items from a total set, chosen on a random, or unbiased, basis. 

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