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Spin at JLab 12 GeV and EIC

Spin at JLab 12 GeV and EIC. Zein-Eddine Meziani Temple University. Nucleon spin structure and Imaging in the Valence quark region Inclusive measurements at large x ; quark models tests and Lattice QCD tests

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Spin at JLab 12 GeV and EIC

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  1. Spin at JLab 12 GeV and EIC Zein-Eddine Meziani Temple University • Nucleon spin structure and Imaging in the Valence quark region • Inclusive measurements at large x; quark models tests and Lattice QCD tests • Exclusive measurements in the valence region (imaging): DVCS + DVMP + Lattice to create an image. • Semi-inclusive measurements (dynamical imaging) • Nucleon spin structure at an EIC • Inclusive measurements at lower x(evolution of g1, first moment, and g2) • Exclusive measurement (Imaging of the glue and the sea ) • Semi-inclusive measurements (dynamical imaging with a focus on the sea and glue) OUTLINE: PacSPIN2011, Cairns, QLD, Australia

  2. Some of theNSAC LRP Overarching QCD questions(December 2007) • What is the internal spin and flavor landscape of hadrons? • What is the role of gluons and gluons self interactions in nucleon and nuclei? • What governs the transition of quarks and gluons into pions and nucleons? PacSPIN2011, Cairns, QLD, Australia

  3. Transverse Momentum Distributions Generalized Parton Distributions Inclusive Sum rules and polarizabilities Semi-Inclusive DIS Distributions and Fragmentation functions Exclusive reactions Elastic form factors Deep Virtual Compton Scattering Deep Virtual Meson Production Since 1998 Since 2002 The Tools QCD Electroweak Physics/probe Beyond the standard Model/or a probe to hadronic systems GPDs and TMDs in Nuclei Exclusive Semi-inclusive Initial and final medium effects PacSPIN2011, Cairns, QLD, Australia

  4. Resolution of the probe and scale of theory tools Models Q2 pQCD 0 1 10 ∞ Lattice QCD PacSPIN2011, Cairns, QLD, Australia

  5. New Hall Add 5 cryomodules 20 cryomodules Add arc 20 cryomodules Add 5 cryomodules Enhanced capabilities in existing Halls 12 GeV Upgrade Project Upgrade arc magnets and supplies CHL upgrade Maintain capability to deliver lower pass beam energies: 2.2, 4.4, 6.6…. • Scope of the project includes: • Doubling the accelerator beam energy • New experimental Hall and beamline • Upgrades to existing Experimental Halls PacSPIN2011, Cairns, QLD, Australia

  6. 12 GeV Spin Physics Capabilities Hall B – understandingnucleon structurevia generalized parton distributions Hall C – precision determination ofvalence quarkproperties in nucleons and nuclei Hall A –futurenew experiments (e.g. PVDIS with SOLID and Moller) PacSPIN2011, Cairns, QLD, Australia

  7. Hall A (Additional Equipment Required) • SOLID for SIDIS: • High luminosity on polarized 3He • Better than 1% errors for small bins • Large Q2 coverage • x-range 0.08-0.6 • W2> 4 GeV2 • SOLID for PVDIS: • High Luminosity on LD2 and LH2 • Better than 1% errors for small bins • Large Q2 coverage • x-range 0.25-0.75 • W2> 4 GeV2 PacSPIN2011, Cairns, QLD, Australia

  8. Polarized Structure functions PacSPIN2011, Cairns, QLD, Australia

  9. A1n and Helicity-Flavor Decomposition JLab E99-117 PacSPIN2011, Cairns, QLD, Australia

  10. Effect of considering transverse momentum of quarks in the nucleon Inclusive Hall A and B and Semi-Inclusive Hermes Avakian, Brodsky, Deur and Yuan Phys.Rev.Lett.99:082001,2007. BBS BBS+OAM PacSPIN2011, Cairns, QLD, Australia

  11. W>1.2 Inclusive double spin asymmetries using 12 GeV A1n at 11 GeV Hall C CLAS12 Proton PacSPIN2011, Cairns, QLD, Australia

  12. Longitudinal Double Spin Asymmetry in SIDIS Ee =11 GeVNH3 and 3He At JLab 12 GeV with SIDIS • Asymmetry measurements with different hadrons (π+,π-) and targets (p,n) allows for flavor separation PacSPIN2011, Cairns, QLD, Australia

  13. Quark Gluon Correlations PacSPIN2011, Cairns, QLD, Australia

  14. Average Color Lorentz Force (M. Burkardt) PacSPIN2011, Cairns, QLD, Australia

  15. Projected results for g2n and d2n Projected g2n points are vertically offset from zero along lines that reflect different (roughly) constant Q2 values from 2.5—7 GeV2. • g2 for 3He is extracted directly from L and T spin-dependent cross sections measured within the same experiment. • Strength of SHMS/HMS: nearly constant Q2 (but less coverage for x < 0.3)

  16. 3D imaging of thenucleon Tool: GeneralisedPartonDistributions GPDs: Form factors: PartonDistrributionFunctions: Fouriertransformof e.g. a radial chargedistribution Numberdensity of quarkswith longitudinal momentumfraction x Generalizeddescription in 2+ 1 dimensions PacSPIN2011, Cairns, QLD, Australia

  17. Theoretical Framework in QCD • Generalized Parton Distributions • Matrix elements of non-local operators with quarks and gluon field • Depend on two longitudinal momentum fractions • For unpolarized quarks we have two distributions: Hqconserves proton helicity Eqflips proton helicity PacSPIN2011, Cairns, QLD, Australia

  18. Nucleon Angular Momentum Sum Rule Ji Sum rule (1997) Spin of quarks contribution Orbital angular momentum of quarks Total angular momentum of gluons PacSPIN2011, Cairns, QLD, Australia

  19. PacSPIN2011, Cairns, QLD, Australia

  20. x+ξ x-ξ k’ k q’ p p’ t Generalized Parton Distributions, Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering Model by Goeke, Polyakov, Vanderhaeghen Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering is the simplest hard exclusive process involving GPDs The handbag dominance: Factorization Theorem k’ k q’ amplitude p p’ PacSPIN2011, Cairns, QLD, Australia GPDs

  21. GPDs :3D quark/gluon imaging of nucleon Fourier transform of GPDs : simultaneous distributions of quarks w.r.t. longitudinal momentumx P and transverse positionb ( M. Burkardt ) theoretical parametrization needed : double distributions, dual param. (Guzey), conformal param. (Müller)

  22. Peter Kroll PacSPIN2011, Cairns, QLD, Australia

  23. High xB only reachable with high luminosity H1, ZEUS Upgraded JLab has complementary & unique capabilities Large phase space(x,t,Q2) and High luminosity required Valence region Sea/gluon region EIC JLab12 JLab Upgrade PacSPIN2011, Cairns, QLD, Australia

  24. Δσ 2σ σ+-σ- σ+ +σ- A = = Extraction of GPD’s global analysis : cross sections, asymmetries, (p,n), (γ,M) epepγ Cleanest process: Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering ξ=xB/(2-xB) k = -t/4M2 hard vertices Polarized beam, unpolarized target: H(x,t) ~ ΔσLU~ sinφ{F1H+ ξ(F1+F2)H+kF2E}dφ t Unpolarized beam, longitudinal target: ~ H(x,t) ~ ΔσUL~ sinφ{F1H+ξ(F1+F2)(H+ξ/(1+ξ)E)}dφ Unpolarized beam, transverse target: E(x,t) ΔσUT~ sinφ{k(F2H – F1E)}dφ PacSPIN2011, Cairns, QLD, Australia

  25. e p epγ L = 1x1035 T = 2000 hrs ΔQ2 = 1 GeV2 Δx = 0.05 exclusive DVCS : BSA @ JLab 12 GeV CLAS12 Projected results E = 11 GeV ΔσLU~sinφIm{F1H+..}dφ Selected Kinematics Avakian PacSPIN2011, Cairns, QLD, Australia

  26. Projected results epepγ E = 11 GeV Q2=2.2 GeV2, xB = 0.25, -t = 0.5GeV2 • Asymmetry highly sensitive to the u-quark contributions to proton spin. ExclusiveDVCSontransversetarget @ JLab 12 GeV Transverse polarized target Δσ~ sinϕIm{k1(F2H– F1E) +…}dϕ AUTx Target polarization in scattering plane AUTy Target polarization perpedicular to scattering plane PacSPIN2011, Cairns, QLD, Australia

  27. Q2=5 GeV2 exclusive ρ0 production on transversetarget 2Δ(Im(AB*))/π T AUT = - |A|2(1-x2) - |B|2(x2+t/4m2) - Re(AB*)2x2 A ~ 2Hu + Hd ρ0 B ~ 2Eu + Ed Projected results A~ Hu - Hd B ~ Eu - Ed ρ+ ρ0 Eu, Ed needed for angular momentum sum rule. data Goeke, Polyakov, Vdh (2001) PacSPIN2011, Cairns, QLD, Australia

  28. Quark Angular Momentum → Access to quark orbital angular momentum Total angular momentum of gluons PacSPIN2011, Cairns, QLD, Australia

  29. E12-06-112:Pion SIDIS E12-09-008: KaonSIDIS U E12-07-107:Pion SIDIS E12-09-009: KaonSIDIS L T LOI12-06-108: Pion SIDIS LOI12-09-004: KaonSIDIS q N TMDs program @ 12 GeV in Hall B and Dynamical Imaging PAC approved experiments & LoI • Complete program of TMDs studies for pions and kaons • Kaon measurements crucial for a better understanding of the TMDs “kaon puzzle” • Kaon SIDIS program requires an upgrade of the CLAS12 detector PIDRICH detector to replace LTCC Project under development PacSPIN2011, Cairns, QLD, Australia

  30. Hall A Transversity Projected Data Using SOLID • Total 1400 bins in x, Q2, PT and z for 11/8.8 GeV beam. • z ranges from 0.3 ~ 0.7, only one z and Q2 bin of 11/8.8 GeV is shown here. π+ projections are shown, similar to the π- . PacSPIN2011, Cairns, QLD, Australia

  31. 3-D quarkimaging of thenucleon; What‘smissing Tool: GeneralisedPartonDistributions Valence quark imaging of the nucleon is one goal of JLab at 12 GeV. Gluon imaging is still missing Sea Quarks imaging is also missing Total Spin of the nucleon in terms of all of its constituents. Generalizeddescription in 2+ 1 dimensions PacSPIN2011, Cairns, QLD, Australia

  32. Luminosity~ few 1034 cm-1s-1 PacSPIN2011, Cairns, QLD, Australia

  33. EIC Kinematic Coverage eA mEIC: 3+30/11+30 (0.04<y<0.6) eA eLIC: 11+120 (y=0.6) ep mEIC: 11+60 EIC connects JLab and HERA kinematic region PacSPIN2011, Cairns, QLD, Australia

  34. Gluon Imaging with exclusive processes Goal: Transverse gluon imaging of nucleon over wide range of x: 0.001 < x < 0.1 Two-gluon exchange dominant for J/ψ,φ, ρproduction at large energies sensitive to gluon distribution squared! LO factorization ~ color dipole picture access to gluon spatial distribution in nuclei Fit with dσ/dt = e-Bt • Measurements at DESY of diffractive channels (J/ψ, φ, ρ, γ) confirmed the applicability of QCD factorization: • t-slopes universal at high Q2 • flavor relationsφ:ρ A.Levy(hep:0907.2178) Hard exclusive processes provide access to transverse gluon imaging at EIC! PacSPIN2011, Cairns, QLD, Australia

  35. Nucleon Spin Sum Rule Ji Sum rule (1997) • Through the momentum sum rule and HERA DVMP with J/Psi data we have a glimpse on GPD Hg • Nothing is known about GPD Eg Total angular momentum of gluons Spin of quarks Contribution: Measured in DIS Orbital angular momentum of quarks: Input from Lattice and measurements at JLab 12 GeV PacSPIN2011, Cairns, QLD, Australia

  36. “My“ Golden Experimental Program • Glue imaging using unpolarized targets and accessing gluon GPD H through exclusive meson production in the valence region • Transversely polarized nucleon to access gluon GPD E and the Spin Sum Rule. PacSPIN2011, Cairns, QLD, Australia

  37. Transversity and the Tensor Charge • Quark transverse polarization in a transversely polarized nucleon: • Can be probed in Semi-Inclusive DIS, Drell-Yan processes. • Does not mix with gluons, has valence like behavior. • Nucleon tensor charge can be extracted from the lowest moment of h1 and compared to LQCDcalculations h1T = Nucleon Spin Quark Spin Tensor Charge PacSPIN2011, Cairns, QLD, Australia

  38. Projections with 3He (neutron) • 11 + 60 GeV • 72 days • 3 + 20 GeV • 36 days • 11 + 100 GeV • 72 days • 12 GeVSoLid • 3He: 87% effective polarization • Equal stat. for proton and neutron (combine 3He and D) PacSPIN2011, Cairns, QLD, Australia

  39. 3-D momentum structure the nucleon: Dipole pattern due to Sivers effect ( Plot from Prokudin; red: positive effect, blue: negative effect) PacSPIN2011, Cairns, QLD, Australia

  40. Proton π+ (z = 0.3-0.7) PacSPIN2011, Cairns, QLD, Australia

  41. Summary • JLab 12 GeV will enhance significantly our knowledge of nucleon spin structure in valence region. • A high polarized luminosity EIC with variable energy will be a natural extension for achieving full imaging of the nucleon including the glue and the sea. • More than one interaction region in the EIC is important for complementarity of explored physics (exclusive vs semi-inclusive) and confirmation of discoveries. A range of s from 200 to 4000 GeV2 would be desirable But a luminosity above 1034cm-2s-1 is a must PacSPIN2011, Cairns, QLD, Australia

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