youtube/watch?v=trWzDlRvv1M

1. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=trWzDlRvv1M But first, a review Nepenthes, a pitcher plant in the Caryophillid group

2. Rosids I Crassulaceae Grossulariaceae Onagraceae Euphorbiaceae

3. Rosids in general • Somewhat weakly supported • Hypanthium in a lot of groups • 18 orders • 114 families • 58,000 species • Over 1/3 of all dicots • Mostly apopetalous “separate petals” • Diverse group • Two major clades

4. Rosids I • Very popular group in CO • Economically important, many fruits • We will study 14 families in this group • Today, only four: • Crassulaceae • Grossulariaceae • Onagraceae • Euphorbiaceae

5. Crassulaceae • Stone crop family • Most are SMALL SUCCULENTS • Regular, bisexual flowers • 1 or 2 times as many stamen as pistils • 3 or more simple pistils • 4 or 5 sepals • Sedum is a common species in Colorado • Family where Crassulacean Acid Metabolism was first described • http://www.crassulaceae.com/

6. CAM • Special metabolic pathway that helps plants live in hot, arid habitats • Stomata open during the night to let in CO2 • The CO2 is fixed into an acid • That acid then releases C into the Krebs cycle during the day when light is present • Stomata are closed during the day

7. CAM at night

8. CAM during the day

9. Sedum lanceolatum - Stonecrop

10. Clementsia rhodantha – Queen’s Crown

11. Sedum rosea or Rhodiola integrifolia – King’s crown

12. Grossulariaceae • Gooseberry family • Includes currants • Mostly shrubs with palmate leaves • Shiny berries with attached sepals • Regular bisexual flowers, but small (1/4 in) • Five united sepals • Five separate petals • Five stamen • Inferior or superior ovary • Only ONE genus!!! – Ribes arguably Grossularia • Ecologically important

13. Ribes cereum – wax currant

14. Ribes cereum in fruit

15. Ribes lacustre – Prickly currant

16. Onagraceae • Evening primrose family • FOUR-LOBED STIGMA • Four petals • Four sepals • Four (or 8) stamen • FOUR syncarpous (fused) carpels • INFERIOR OVARY • Capsule, berry, or drupe • Called evening primrose because they generally open in the evening / late afternoon

17. Onagraceae

18. Onagraceae distribution

19. Onagraceae – Four lobed stigma

20. Onagraceae – Note the hypanthium

21. Onagraceae in cross-section

22. Oenothera caespitosa

23. Oenothera caespitosa

24. Onagraceae • Fireweed (Chamerion angustifolium) • Abundant after fires • Adapted to fire via underground rhizomes that sprout up after fire • Lightweight seeds and many of them • After a certain time, other species come up and outcompete it via light interception • Worldwide • Low resistance to human trampeling

25. Chamerion angustifolium

26. Chamerion angustifolium

27. Euphorbiaceae • Euphorb family • Spurge family • MILKY SAP • Many are succulent • Can lack sepals • Can lack petals • Carpels 1-20 • Superior ovary • Fruit is a schizocarpic capsule

28. Euphorbiaceae • Convergent evolution • Many euphorbs occupy the same niches in Africa that many of our cacti do • Euphorbia is the only genus of plants known to have all three metabolic pathways: C3, C4, and CAM

29. Euphorbiaceae

30. Euphorbiaceae - Distribution

31. Euphorbiaceae - Succulent

32. Euphorbiaceae – milky sap

33. Euphorbiaceae - flowers

34. Euphorbiaceae - Cyanthium

35. Poinsettia

36. Cassava or manioc is in this family

37. Roots of Manihot esculentahttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qtvhs0O2oJE