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Geometry Optimizations

Geometry Optimizations. Lecture CompChem 2 Chemistry 347 Hope College. Potential Energy Surfaces. Energy. 3 N -5 Coords. Reaction Coordinate. PES Extrema (Stationary Points). Minima 1st deriv (gradient) equals zero in all directions 2nd deriv positive in all directions Global vs. local

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Geometry Optimizations

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  1. Geometry Optimizations Lecture CompChem 2Chemistry 347Hope College

  2. Potential Energy Surfaces Energy 3N-5Coords Reaction Coordinate

  3. PES Extrema (Stationary Points) • Minima • 1st deriv (gradient) equals zero in all directions • 2nd deriv positive in all directions • Global vs. local • Saddle Point • “Transition state” • 2nd deriv negative in one direction, positive in others • Hilltop • 2nd deriv negative in more than one direction

  4. Locating PES Extrema • Algorithms • Minimize energy (local minima) • Minimize gradient (transition state) • Specialized methods • Convergence criteria • Force (DE/Dr) » 0 • Displacement (Dr) » 0 • Indicated in output file

  5. Geometry Optimization Quick Start • WebMO • Build fluoroethene, C2H3F • Gaussian • Geometry Optimization, Hartree-Fock, 3-21G, Preview Input File • Note bond angles; Submit Job • View; Note bond angles • Raw Output

  6. General Strategies • A good starting geometry is essential • For large molecules, pre-optimize using a lower level of theory • When a job fails • Read the output file to determine why • Look at the final geometry (Restart from Job Manager) • Although every molecule is different, past experience will help guide your calculations

  7. Locating Transition States • Very difficult! Finding 1 point in 103N-6 • Opt=(TS,CalcFC,NoEigenTest) • Minimize gradient • Must have a good starting point • Opt=QST2 • “Morph” reactants and products • Must provide both structures • Atoms must have same numbering!

  8. Advanced Features • Opt=CalcFC or Opt=CalcAll • Better computation of force constants • Opt=(MaxCyc=n) • Increase maximum number of iterations • Use checkpoint files (built into WebMO) • %Chk=output.chk to produce a checkpoint file • Geom=(Check,Step=n) to read checkpoint file • Multiple options can be specified by Opt=(TS,CalcFC,MaxCyc=100)

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