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Rubber products. Patients care items lecture : ass. Ravliv J.A.
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Rubber products. Patients care items lecture: ass. Ravliv J.A
Rubber.Rubber - a product of the vulcanization of rubber, which is produced from plants or synthetic means.Established that the source is natural rubber latex (latex) of the family tree - the so-called Brazilian Geva, growing in plantations in Indonesia, Indochina, Ceylon, and in some countries in Africa and South America.
Latex - a milky white liquid, which contains 34-37% rubber, water, protein, resin , sugar and mineral salts. For mixing rubber latex and coagulating solution of acetic or formic acid. The resulting gel is washed with water, passed through rollers, making the plates are dried at a temperature of 45 degrees.
Along with widely used natural rubber, synthetic rubbers, obtained by synthetic method. These rubbers are divided into organic, which mainly consist of hydrocarbons or their derivatives; elementoorganic that contain atoms of silicon, sulfur. Raw material for synthetic rubber used oil, natural gas and coal.
Rubber compounds - a composition based on natural rubber, which contain other substances necessary for the processing of natural rubber in rubber. Rubber compounds contain vulcanization accelerators, fillers, plasticizers, accelerators plasticizers, substances that prevent the aging of rubber, . Main vulcanizer remedy is sulfur.
Its number of heating and temperature dependent properties of rubber. When the sulfur content 3% receive soft rubber, and at 30-50% - solid, called ebonite. They are much stronger, is chemically resistant, have greater insulating properties than rubber, but is not flexible.
To speed up the curing process and reduce the temperature in the rubber mixture in small amounts add accelerators (oxides of magnesium, zinc, barium, a substance thiazole group - kaptaks, altaks etc.) Fillers are used to increase strength and deformation resistance.
As the last used soot, kaolin, zinc oxide and others that referred to the amplifiers. In addition to amplifiers, mixed rubber to give the so-called diluents, which include chalk, talc, barium, and other stuff, which only improve the physical and mechanical properties of rubber, increase its volume, but do not change the chemical properties.
Softeners used to increase the plasticity of rubber, to facilitate formation of products, in some cases - to increase the stickiness of rubber mixed, increased frost resistance, reduction of combustibility, etc.. As the plasticizers used petroleum products and coal origin (oil, resin, paraffin grade), and herbal substances (wax, pine resin, rosin) or synthetic substances.
As time rubbers and rubber aging, adding to the mixed rubber antioxidants. As antioxidants use substances that form on the surface of rubber protective layer that protects it from the action of oxygen. This wax, paraffin, and ozokerite others.
To prevent fatigue rubber in rubber compounds enter special protystomlyuvachi which simultaneously act as antioxidants. For colored rubber products added to them colors - azure Berlin (gives blue and light blue), chromium oxide (green), minium (red), iron oxide (brick color) and other organic and inorganic pigments and varnishes. As blowing agent using acetic acid, sodium carbonate, ammonium carbonate
With rubber production methods are divided into: unmolded that are made by hand-gluing; seamless - produced by extrusion and; form - make pressing or injection molding. Rubber, which produce medical products, must meet several requirements..
Because the rubber in contact with tissues, blood and drugs, they should not commit in biological environment substances that can alter the activity of drugs or adversely affect the human body. They should not be bad, be subjected to sterilization or disinfection
Consider some types of rubber products for care. Hot-water bottles rubber. Produced two types: hot-water bottles A and B. Type A is for local warming of the body. Hot-water bottles B - combined, and used as heater and as mug. It differs from type radiators and a rubber tube with a crane, two klisternyh tips (for children and adults) and a bit of ebonite or plastic for uterine irrigation. Issued radiators capacity of 1, 2 and 3 liters, with the following dimensions:!
Mug rubber - a flat with tank with a rubber tube that has a solid tip and plastic or stainless Ebonite cranes. Produced in 3 sizes depending on capacity: 1 liter mug has a length of 270 mm and width 155 mm, 1.5 liter mug - under 300 mm and 180 mm, and 2 liter jug has a length of 320 mm and a width of 190 mm. Circles skid rubber. Used for protection of patient body movements prolezhniv. They are a rubber annular tank, which is outside the cycling valve type. Through this valve wheel skid with pump or even just mouth filled air. For strength and outside edges of the circle inside are plastered rubber tape 8 mm wide. Circles produce 3 sizes.
Vessel skid rubber. Used to serve seriously ill in hospital and home environments. Different from the wheels skid presence bottom. Ships produce round or oval shape, 3 sizes (№ 1, 2, 3) depending on the length and width, which accommodates up to 2 liters of fluid. Made of molded rubber syringe method. Intended for irrigation, enema, etc. in laboratory practice. Syringe is a rubber bulb pear-shaped form of soft or hard plastic or stainless Ebonite point. Syringe with soft tip produced a capacity for 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 120, 180 and 270 ml, and hard - for 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 120, 150, 180, 270 and 360 ml. At the bottom are douches designations: for spryntsivok with a soft tip - ½, 1, 1 ½, 2, 2 ½, 3, 4, 6 and 9, where 1 - means one ounce, which corresponds to 30 ml. According to squirt hard symbol marked - 1, 1 ½, 2, 2 ½, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 12.
Plait apply styptic to stop bleeding. It is a rubber tube 25 mm in width or flat rubber belt length 125 cm at one end is a metal tow chain and the second - a hook for fastening the ends of strings. Tubes used in medical practice with rfiznoyu purpose: as a drainage in the treatment of postoperative wounds in devices for blood transfusion, injection and suction of fluids from the body, to connect separate parts of machines and devices, etc.. Depending on the destination tubes produce more than 50 sizes, with different internal and external diameter and wall thickness.
Industry produces rubber tubes length curtailed annular Bay 5 kg each, the length of at least 1.5 m, with the end of the tube tightly closed rubber stopper so air is stored in the tube, which prevents the flattening of its properties.
In medical practice using a number of tube products, namely: probes hazovidvidni tubes, catheters, etc.. Probe is used for gastric lavage stomach, gastric juice sampling for its analysis. It is a rubber or PVC plastic tube length of 1 m to 1.5 m with a rounded blind end, on the side surfaces of which are two oval holes, turned in opposite directions.
Probe used to obtain duodenal bile from 12-ring intestine. Looks like rubber or plastic tube with diameter of 4.5 - 5 mm, length 1,4 - 1,5 m. It differs from gastric probe so that at one end of a metal insert in the form of oil from a brass or stainless steel. This oil has many small holes. On entering the depth probe trial under labels that are put away 55, 70 and 80 cm of oil. Hazovidvidni tubes designed for diverting gas from the rectum and colon to the cecum flatulence. They have two holes - one side and a rounded end to the central tube, and the other end is liykopodibne extension. Tubes produce 8 rooms with an outside diameter of 5 to 15 mm and a length of 350 to 500 mm. The surface of the tubes should be smooth, smooth, without cracks.
Catheters are intended for the rubber in the natural passages and cavities of the human body to release them from the content or administration of water and necessary medicines or food products. Pillows for oxygen intended for the purposes when necessary to support the patient, giving him medical oxygen. Made of rubberized fabric compact 4 sizes: 40 x 60 cm at 25 L capacity, 50 x 65 cm - 40 l 65 x 70 cm - 75 l and 65 x 100 cm - 100 liters. Rubber bag attached to the tube diameter of 5-6 mm stainless Ebonite tap connected to the tube and mouthpiece - respiratory inlet.
Rubber gloves and surgical anatomy. Rubber gloves were offered back in 1897. Used them for aseptic operations, as well as manual examination of organs and tissues. Rubber gloves are made of different sizes with different thickness rubber. Large size (№ 8, 9,10) are intended for men, small - for women. Gloves must be impenetrable to water, not hinder movements of wrist and hand remain in compliance tactile sensitivity of fingers..
Gloves with a thick rubber used in anatomical works (Anatomic gloves) - the size of number 7, 8.9, with a thin rubber (latex) made surgical, examination gloves. Gloves of glands are zakatanyy venchyk 2 mm thick. On one side of each cuff gloves are painted with white paint stain indicating the size, manufacturer's name, date of manufacture, the stamp of quality control
Urinal - a special device with a belt and a reservoir. Made of soft and elastic rubber. There are 4 types: for boys, girls, men and women. Children up to 100 ml urine, adult - to 0.75; 1.5 and 2 liters of waste are urinal and sink, but there is a drain. Banks are for medical therapeutic purposes. This walled cups shaped with a rounded bottom. Released capacity 45, 60, 75 and 90 ml. Land banks should be smooth, well-fusion, not to cut or scratch the body.
