How is horticulture a science, a technology, and an industry?

1. How is horticulture a science, a technology, and an industry?

2. What is agriculture? • The production of plants and animals to meet basic human needs (food, clothing, shelter). • Includes three important areas: • Horticulture • Agronomy • Forestry

3. What is horticulture? • Culture of plants for food, comfort, and beauty

4. What is agronomy? • Production of traditional crops, such as grain and fiber.

5. What is forestry? • Production of trees for timber

6. Where does the word horticulture come from? • Latin derivative Hortus (garden) Colere (cultivate) = Horticulture +

7. What is the horticulture industry? • All activities that support meeting the needs of consumers of horticulture products • Supply and service to growers • Production of crops • Processing crops • Marketing • Distribution

8. How is horticulture a science? • Botany • The study of plants including the life cycle, structure, growth, and classification • Combines plant science, soil science, & biotechnology

9. What is horticulture technology? • Applies science to horticulture production • Tools used to control and manage plant’s environment • Cultural practices to impact visual, functional, and productive qualities of plants

10. What are the two major areas of horticulture? • Ornamental Horticulture- growing and using plants for their beauty inside and outside our homes. • Food Crop Production- growing crops for use as food.

11. What are the 3 major areas of ornamental horticulture? • Floriculture • Landscape horticulture • Interiorscaping

12. What is floriculture? • Production, transportation, and use of flower and foliage plants • Growing flowers for floral designs • Growing potted plants to sell • Growing bedding plants for transplanting into gardens

13. What is landscape horticulture? • Producing and using plants to make our outdoor environment more appealing • Nursery: place where plants, shrubs, and trees are started for transplanting • Landscape operators: design planting plans, install material, and maintain plants • Lawn and turf maintenance: planting, fertilizing, and mowing turfgrasses • Golf course management: maintain all the grass areas of the golf course

14. What is interiorscaping? • Use of foliage plants, grown and sold for their beautiful colored leaves and stems, to create pleasing and comfortable areas inside buildings

15. What is Food Crop Production? • Growing crops for food • Olericulture- growing, harvesting, storing, processing, and marketing vegetables • Examples • Pomology- growing, harvesting, storing, processing, and marketing of fruits and nuts • Examples

16. How did horticulture evolve? • European influence on horticulture • Early U.S. horticulture

17. European Influence on Horticulture • Theophrastus (377-288 B.C.) • Greek horticulturist • Speculated that roots absorb nutrients for plants • Observed the differences between the leaves of germinating seeds of wheat and beans • Described how root pruning encouraged the flowering and fruiting of plants

18. European Influence on Horticulture • Romans • Used legumes to improve poor soil • Used manure to improve production • Used cultivation for weed control

19. European Influence on Horticulture • Varro (116-20 B.C.) • Roman horticulturist • Developed techniques of post-harvest storage

20. European Influence on Horticulture • Dioscorides • Greek herbalist • Wrote De Materia Medica that served as the authority for 1,500 years • Identified plants that had medicinal properties

21. European Influence on Horticulture • Carolus Linnaeus (1701-1778) • Swedish botanist and physician • Developed method for classifying plants through binomial nomenclature

22. European Influence on Horticulture • Charles Darwin (1809-1882) • English naturalist • Presented scientifically sound explanation of evolution • Wrote The Power of Movement in Plants which described phototropism and geotropism

23. European Influence on Horticulture • Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) • Austrian monk • Laid the foundation for the science of botany and genetics

24. Early U.S. Horticulture • Prince Nursery • First commercial nursery founded during early 1730s • Grew rapidly until the American Revolution • Published a catalog in 1794 which contained an extensive list of cultivars • Major supplier of the Lombardy poplar after its introduction in 1784

26. Early U.S. Horticulture • Andrew J. Downing (1815-1852) • First great American landscape gardener • Frederick Law Olmstead (1822-1903) • Father of landscape architecture • Primary landscape architect for Central Park in N.Y.

27. Early U.S. Horticulture • Liberty Bailey (1858-1954) • Writings serve as the standard authority on plant nomenclature, taxonomy, pruning, etc. • Wrote Manual of Cultivated Plants, Hortus Second, and How Plants Get Their Names

28. Why is horticulture so popular? • Increased awareness and job market in horticulture • Food and crop production • Technology advancements and jobs • Professional interest in horticulture as a career • Diploma, associates degrees, bachelors, masters, and P.H.D.s in horticulture