Motion in One-Direction: Displacement, Velocity, & Acceleration

1. Motion in One-Direction:Displacement, Velocity, & Acceleration Physics

2. Question • Is the book on your instructor’s desk in motion? Explain your answer.

3. Frame of Reference • A system for specifying the precise location of objects in space and time.

4. Introduction • Kinematics is the science of describing the motion of objects using words, diagrams, graphs, and equations. • In physics, we use these words as the language of kinematics. 1. Distance and Displacement 2. Speed and Velocity 3. Acceleration

5. These quantities is either a vector or scalar. • Scalars are quantities which are described by a magnitude only. 2. Vectors are quantities which are described by both a magnitude and a direction.

7. Displacement • When things start moving, the length of a straight line drawn from the object’s initial position to it’s final position is it’s displacement • In one dimension… Change in position along x-axis = (final position on x-axis) – (initial position on x-axis)

8. Motion in One Dimension • Same concepts apply to any axis! Space shuttles instead of trains Change in position along y-axis = (final position on y-axis) – (initial position on y-axis)

9. Example 1 • Is the displacement positive or negative?

10. Example 2 • Is the displacement positive or negative?

12. Example 3 A student walks 4 meters East and 2 meters South. A student walks 4 meters East, 2 meters South, 4 meters West, and 2 meters North.

14. Problems 1-6 Identify Plan Solve Conversions

15. Instantaneous Speed and Average Speed As an object moves, it often undergoes changes in speed. The speed at any instant is known as the instantaneous speed. (From the value of the speedometer) The average speed of the entire journey can be calculated:

16. Speed Vs Velocity An object is moving in a circle at a constant speed of 10 m/s. We say that it has a constant speed but its velocity is not constant. Why? Direction of Motion The direction of the object keeps changing.

17. How to Make a Graph

18. Interpreting Velocity Graphically For any position-time graph, we can determine the average velocity by drawing a straight line between any two points on the graph. If the velocity is constant, the graph of position versus time is a straight line. The slope indicates the velocity. Object 1: positive slope = positive velocity Object 2: zero slope= zero velocity Object 3: negative slope = negative velocity

19. Slope

20. Instantaneous Velocity The instantaneous velocity is the velocity of an object at some instant or at a specific point in the object’s path. The instantaneous velocity at a given time can be determined by measuring the slope of the line that is tangent to that point on the position-versus-time graph.

21. Quiz Time