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Taking a Holistic Approach to Sustainable Tourism Development: Lessons Learned and Best Practices Montenegro, May 2008 Richard P. Bossi. Traditional Approaches USAID : part of competitiveness or other natural resource management/biodiversity projects
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Taking a Holistic Approach to Sustainable Tourism Development: Lessons Learned and Best Practices Montenegro, May 2008Richard P. Bossi
Traditional Approaches USAID: part of competitiveness or other natural resource management/biodiversity projects World Bank: as large infrastructure project Other: bilateral delivery; sector-specific; narrow focus
Lessons Learned • Geographic-specific • Limited resources (donor investment) • Time-sensitive (3-5 years) • Tourism as a sub-category, rather than as a primary focal point of assistance
Outcomes • Concentrated vs. broad (value chain-wide) impact • Limited reach (geographic) • Donor vs stakeholder-driven • Small number of direct beneficiaries • Limited system/network
Emerging Approaches to Sustainable Tourism • Geographic scale to be influenced vs pilot project approach • Holistic/cross - sectoral approach • Development goal frame vs solution orientation • System identification and analysis • Participatory approach/stakeholder-driven (action planning and implementation) • Strengthen system-wide relationships and collaborative actions • Movement in multiples • Project as a transitory stakeholder • Simultaneous application of multiple social change methodologies • Creation of social capital throughout the system
Lessons Learned from SCALE, Other Sectors and GSTA • Commence at level/scale to be changed • Greater number and type of stakeholders and beneficiaries in the system • Strengthened communication and more complex/greater number of linkages across the system • Local ownership and guidance = long-term sustainability • Application, promotion and emergence of best practices across the system and industry sectors • Civil society participation, equity and accountability • National, regional and local government capacity improved