Rural Urban Migration

1. Rural Urban Migration The Decision to Migrate Many different models were presented regarding the process of migration and its decision making: Raveinstein'slaw of Migration Most migration is over a short distance. Migration occurs in steps. Long-range migrants usually move to urban areas. Each migration produces a movement in the opposite direction (although not necessarily of the same volume). Rural dwellers are more migratory than urban dwellers. Within their own country females are more migratory than males, but males are more migratory over long distances. Most migrants are adults. Large towns grow more by migration than by natural increase. Migration increases with economic development.

2. Lee's push-pull factors with intervening obstacles, • Human capital approach, • Economic behaviour (rural urban wage differences) • Social network, • Population pressure, • Carrying capacity, • Place utility/disutility, • Adaptation to stress in environment etc.

3. Environment Environmental hazards (flood, Landslide, earthquake) External Stress Characteristics of dwelling (size & quality of the dwelling, neighbourhood, relative location Internal Stress Need and expectation of the household Stress Remain in the present dwelling Is the threshold level of place utility passed? Decision to migrate Define aspiration for new dwelling Search information source for new location Examine the alternative dwelling Match vacancy characteristics to aspiration Is high place utility provided in the new dwelling? Decision to change residence