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Chapter 3.

Chapter 3. Causes of the Civil War. Differences Divide North and South. Economy Population Slavery. Read & do interactive workbook page 28. Students create 4 row/3 column chart in notebook- see example on next slide. South Farming- cotton , corn, cattle, pigs mostly small farms

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Chapter 3.

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  1. Chapter 3. Causes of the Civil War

  2. Differences Divide North and South • Economy • Population • Slavery Read & do interactive workbook page 28 Students create 4 row/3 column chart in notebook- see example on next slide

  3. South Farming-cotton, corn, cattle, pigs mostly small farms large plantations Economic Differences • North • Factories for manufacturing goods (textiles, tools) • Less farming Students write on foldable

  4. The North Factories brought many people to the North in search of work.

  5. The South Farming remained the main way to earn a living Most were small one family farms Cut lumber, raised cattle, and raised just enough food for their own families

  6. Cotton Slaves had to work tediously with their hands to gather cotton. This was a long process as the seeds had to be removed by hands, too.

  7. Slaves helping on cotton plantation

  8. Plantation Life • Huge plantations • Needed a lot of workers • Used slave labor

  9. South Fewer people Differences in Population • North • More people began moving to cities to work • Immigration (People from other countries moved to the North) • Population grew rapidly to over 19 million PEOPLE!!! Students write on foldable

  10. South Allowed slavery (needed for plantations) Wanted slavery to expand to West Differences with Slavery • North • No slaves in North (except border states) • Against slavery in West Students write on foldable Homework-WB pg. 30*****

  11. “King Cotton” Cotton was hard to prepare for market The little seeds had to be separated from the cotton. This was very hard to do and took a LOT of TIME Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin Made cleaning cotton easier Farmers grew more cotton and made more money Needed more slaves to work the cotton

  12. Text pg. 86 • Add abolitionist to academic vocab • Abolitionist- someone who joined the movement to abolish, or end, slavery

  13. Make 1 flip book with the following 8 important people Abraham Lincoln Harriet Tubman General Ulysses S. Grant General Robert E. Lee Jefferson Davis Clara Barton Frederick Douglass Chief Justice Roger Taney As we complete our lessons, write in facts as we come to these people.

  14. Africans in Slavery and Freedom Life Under Slavery Slave Codes Laws for slaves Slaves could not leave owners’ land Could not buy or sell goods Not allowed to learn to read or write Treated as property with very few privileges (Dred Scott)

  15. Coping with Slavery Spirituals Formed close knit groups to help each other Sang religious songs to give them strength

  16. Overseers Hired to watch the slaves work and punish them if they fell behind.

  17. The Slave Economy Many people began to turn against slavery Cost of owning slaves was too high for most Most slaves worked on large plantations. Very few white Southerners could afford to own slaves.

  18. Running Away Running Away Many chose to run away Found safe places to hide Indians protected some Hid in forest, swamps, and mountains Some made it to the free North, some to Canada and others went south to Mexico Many were helped by the Underground Railroad Many were caught and punished for trying to escape.

  19. The Underground Railroad System of escape routes leading to freedom Members were called conductors Hiding places were called stations Harriet Tubman was most famous An escaped slave Returned to the South over 20 times to help others

  20. Harriet Tubman • Helped slaves escape from the South to the North using the Underground Railroad.

  21. Frederick Douglass • Escaped slave and editor of an abolitionist newspaper, North Star.

  22. Slave State? Free State? or A Nation Divided

  23. New Compromises • Henry Clay • Worked hard to settle differences dividing the nation. • Congressman from Kentucky • Free state: didn’t want slavery. • Slave state: wanted slavery • Everything was EVEN until Missouri became a state.

  24. The Missouri Compromise • Asked to join the U.S. as a slave state • This would make more slave states than free. • Missouri would join as a slave state AND Maine would join as a free state. • Imaginary line would be drawn through the rest of the Louisiana territory

  25. Solutions to the Problem • North of the line = Free States • South of the line = Slave states

  26. Results of the Missouri Compromise of 1820 • Kept the peace for nearly 30 years • Six new states joined the Union – 3 slave and 3 free….still equal in number • AND THEN along came…California

  27. The Compromise of 1850 • Henry Clay to the rescue AGAIN • California = Free • New Mexico and Utah territories= people would decide

  28. Henry Clay, the Great Compromiser • Died in 1852 • Never gave up hope in finding peaceful solutions to problems • On his grave marker it says, • “I know no North – no South – No East – No West”

  29. Hopes for Peace Fade • Kansas-Nebraska Act • Gave people living there the choice by voting • Hundreds moved in to “vote” on whether to be a free or slave state. • Tempers FLARED and over 200 people were killed in the dispute • Nicknamed “ Bleeding Kansas”

  30. Fugitive Slave Law • A new law that said: • Anyone caught helping slaves escape would be punished. • If you found a runaway slave, you had to return them to their owner. Fugitive-a person who is running away.

  31. Free Africans Not all Africans were slaves Some were former slaves freed by their owners Others had bought their freedom Some had escaped to freedom Many lived in the cities where they had a better chance to work

  32. Life for Africans… Life for most Africans, free or not, was still hard because: Unwelcome in many places Often treated unfairly Had little freedom Not allowed to vote or meet in groups Could not attend school or have certain jobs Whites Only

  33. HarrietBeecherStowe 1811 - 1896 So this is the lady who started the Civil War. -- Abraham Lincoln

  34. Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852 • Sold 300,000 copies inthe first year. • 2 million in a decade!

  35. Fighting Back Fighting Back Most resisted slavery ( act against) Quiet ways they resisted Broke tools, left gates open to let the farm animals out, let boats drift away, hid stuff the owners needed and acted like they knew nothing about it at all

  36. Dred Scott Case (1857) • Supreme Court ruled that once a slave, living in a free state, didn’t change that. • Said Scott had “none of the rights and privileges” of American citizens • Also said Congress had no right to outlaw slavery because the Constitution protects people’s right to own PROPERTY and slaves were PROPERTY!!!

  37. Chief Justice Roger Taney • Supreme Court Chief Justice in Dred Scott Case who ruled that slaves were property.

  38. Violent Resistance Violent ways to resist Nat Turner’s Revolt Led an attack killing 57 people He and others were caught, tried in court, and hanged

  39. John Brown’s Rebellion John Brown’s rebellion at Harper’s Ferry A white abolitionist Stole guns from Harper’s Ferry warehouse to give to slaves Caught, tried, and hanged

  40. Slavery Issue Slavery Chief Justice Roger Taney said that slaves were property in the Dred Scott case. Settlers from the South who moved west took their slaves Settlers from the North didn’t own slaves and thought slavery was wrong. WHO would WIN Would there be slavery in the new territories or NOT???

  41. WB pg. 37 • Missouri Compromise-Missouri made a slave state & Maine made a free state; line drawn across country (N-free) (S-slave) • Compromise of 1850-CA=free state popular sovereignty; people voted slavery or not • Kansas-Nebraska Act-Kansas and Nebraska voted slavery or not

  42. Pg. 37 cont. • 3 events that increased tension.. • Bleeding Kansas • Dred Scott Case • Fugitive Slave Law • John Brown’s Raid • Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote “Uncle Tom’s Cabin”

  43. Text pages 102-107 • Tab book –add VIP (see following slides)

  44. Abraham Lincoln • 16th President of the USA; He thought slavery was morally and socially wrong

  45. Jefferson Davis • President of the Confederate States of America (South) during Civil War

  46. WB pg. 40 • Across • 1-Confederacy • 2-secession • 3-Lincoln • 4-slavery • Down • 1-Civil War • 5-Davis

  47. 6. • Kentucky • Illinois • Lawyer • Republican • Congress • abolition

  48. 7. • Confederate • Fort Sumter • Supplies • Civil War

  49. Abraham Lincoln works for Change • Violence because of the Kansas-Nebraska act got everyone’s attention • Abraham Lincoln was against the SPREAD of slavery • Republican Party formed to fight the spread of slavery. • Lincoln ran for Senator • Stephen A. Douglas, author of the Kansas-Nebraska Act, was his OPPONENT! The battle is ON………

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