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Factoring Isotope Patterns Chlorine and Bromine with nitrogen

Factoring Isotope Patterns Chlorine and Bromine with nitrogen. Ray A. Gross, Jr. Prince George’s Community College. Outline. Develop an equation for the isotope patterns of Br m Cl n compounds Show the isotope-patterns equal two independent factors: Br and Cl factors

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Factoring Isotope Patterns Chlorine and Bromine with nitrogen

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  1. Factoring Isotope Patterns Chlorine and Brominewithnitrogen Ray A. Gross, Jr. Prince George’s Community College

  2. Outline • Develop an equation for the isotope patterns of BrmClncompounds • Show the isotope-patterns equal two independent factors: Br and Cl factors • Show that the chlorine factor and n are evident by the first term in the isotope pattern.

  3. Bromine Binomial • Ratio of Br-79 to Br-81 = 1:1 • (a + b)mfor Brm • (a + b)1 = a + b = 1:1 • (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2 = 1:2:1

  4. Chlorine Binomial • Ratio of Cl-35 to Cl-37 = 3:1 • (3a + b)n for Cln • (3a + b)1 = 3a + b = 3:1 • (3a + b)2 = 9a2 + 6ab + b2 = 9:6:1

  5. Ideal Model (1a + 1b)m(3a + 1b)n Br1Cl1 3a2 + 4ab + 1b2 = 3:4:1

  6. Isotope Pattern (I.P.) equals a product of Br and Cl factors I.P. = (1a + 1b)m(3a + 1b)n 3:4:1 = (1:1)1(3:1)1

  7. Premise • Because an isotope pattern for a BrmCln compound is composed of the product of a bromine factor and a chlorine factor, the pattern should be divisible by either factor to give the other factor.

  8. Question • For 27: 81: 90: 46: 11: 1 • What factor do we divide by?

  9. Bromine and Chlorine Factors

  10. Results • The lead term in a normalized pattern equals 3n. • The value of n determines the chlorine factor. • T = m + n + 1, or m = T – (n + 1)

  11. 9:15:7:1 = (9:6:1) (1:1)m 1: 19: 6 : 1 9: 6 :1) 9: 15: 7: 1 1:1) 9: 15: 7 : 1 9: 6: 19 : 9 9: 6: 1 6 : 7 9: 6: 1 6 : 6 1 : 1 1 : 1

  12. T = m + n + 1 _ _ _ 1: 2: 1 27: 81: 90: 46: 11: 1 27: 27: 9: 1 _ _

  13. Br2Cl3 27Cl Cl ClBr Br 27: 81: 90: 46: 11: 1

  14. Summary • The lead number in a normalized isotope pattern of an unknown BrmClncompound uniquely defines n and the corresponding chlorine factor within the pattern. • Given n, the number of bromine atoms can be found from the number of terms T in the pattern.

  15. Acknowledgements • Junhua Yan’s Isotope Pattern Calculator http://www.geocities.com/junhuayan/pattern.htm (accessed May 2003). • Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology; Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan SDBSWeb: http://www.aist.go.jp/RIODB/SDBS/ (accessed May 2003). • NSF Grant: DUE-0202431 • Submitted to The Chemical Educator

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