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Introduction to Android

Introduction to Android. Mohammad A. Gowayyed CS334-Spring 2014. Android OS. Mobile OS for: Smart phones Tablets TVs Textbook: “Professional Android 4 Application Development”, 2012 by Reto Meier. Third-Party applications. C/C++ using proprietary APIs J2ME

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Introduction to Android

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  1. Introduction to Android Mohammad A. Gowayyed CS334-Spring 2014

  2. Android OS • Mobile OS for: • Smart phones • Tablets • TVs • Textbook: • “Professional Android 4 Application Development”, 2012 by Reto Meier

  3. Third-Party applications • C/C++ • using proprietary APIs • J2ME • restricted access to device hardware • Generally, third party always used different APIs than native • Android treats third party the same as native.

  4. Native Android Applications • E-mail client • SMS management application • Full PIM (personal information management) suite, including a calendar and contacts list • WebKit-based web browser • Music player and picture gallery • Camera and video recording application • Calculator • Home screen • Alarm clock

  5. Android Features • Access to Hardware, Including Camera, GPS, and Sensors • Data Transfers Using Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and NFC • Maps, Geocoding, and Location-Based Services • Background Services • Notifications • SQLite Database for Data Storage and Retrieval • Shared Data and Inter-Application Communication • Intents • Content Providers

  6. Android Features • Using Widgets and Live Wallpaper to Enhance the Home Screen • Extensive Media Support and 2D/3D Graphics • Cloud to Device Messaging (C2DM) • Event-driven applications based on server-side pushes • Optimized Memory and Process Management • Stop and kill processes as necessary

  7. Android Unique Features • Google Maps applications • Background services and applications • Shared data and inter-process communication • All applications are created equal • Native vs. Third-Party • Same API and Same Runtime • Home-screen Widgets, Live Wallpaper, and the quick search box

  8. Open Handset Alliance(OHA) • more than 80 technology companies • hardware manufacturers • mobile carriers • software developers • semiconductor companies • commercialization companies • made a commitment to deliver better mobile software experience

  9. What Android Isn’t • A Java ME implementation • Part of the Linux Phone Standards Forum (LiPS) • Simply an application layer, but a complete software stack • A mobile phone handset • Google’s answer to the iPhone

  10. Comparisons • Android vs. Microsoft Windows Phone • Android vs. Apple iOS • Both may prioritize native over third-party

  11. Why to develop for Android? • 850,000 new Android devices are activated daily • No certification is required to become an Android developer • Google Play provides free, up-front purchase, and in-app billing options for distribution and monetization of your applications • There is no approval process for application distribution • Developers have total control over their brands.

  12. How to develop for Android? • Java for Android • Dalvik Virtual Machine • Each Android application runs in a separate process within its own Dalvik instance • Start Here: http://developer.android.com/training/basics/firstapp/index.html

  13. Android Software Stack • Linux Kernel • Libraries • Android Runtime • Core libraries • Dalvik VM • not a JVM • register-based not stack-based • Android Framework • Application Layer

  14. Dalvik Virtual Machine • VM designed to ensure that multiple instances run efficiently on a single device • The Dalvik VM executes Dalvik executable files, a format optimized to ensure minimal memory footprint. • uses the Linux kernel to handle low-level functionality, including security, threading, and process and memory management • You can write C/C++ code (NDK), but why would you? • You create .dex executables by transforming Java language compiled classes using the tools supplied within the SDK.

  15. Android Application Architecture • Activity Manager – chapter 3 and 4 • Views – chapter 4 • Notification Manager – chapter 10 • Content Providers – chapter 8 • Resource Manager – chapter 3 • Intents – chapter 5 Check the packages documentation: http://developer.android.com/reference/packages.html

  16. Types of Android Applications • Foreground • Games • Background • Alarm • SMS auto-responders • Intermittent • Most common • expect limited interactivity but do most of their work in the background – media player. • typically used as foreground but do important work in the background – Email and news applications. • Widgets and Live Wallpapers • Some applications are represented only as a home-screen Widget or as a Live Wallpaper.

  17. Get More … • Google I/O 2008 - An Introduction to Android by Jason Chen • YouTube: v=x1ZZ-R3p_w8 • Google IO – Android Sessions • YouTube: list=PL734A052F802C96B9 • Readings • chapters 1 to 4 • Next week: Quiz on the first chapter Just read it!

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