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Studies on PINGU ’ s Sensitivity to the Neutrino mass Hierarchy

Studies on PINGU ’ s Sensitivity to the Neutrino mass Hierarchy. P. Berghaus, H.P. Bretz, A. Groß, A. Kappes , J. Leute, S. Odrowski, E. Resconi, R. Shanidze DPG-Frühjahrstagung Dresden, March 7, 2013. -1450 m. -2450 m. The IceCube neutrino observatory. Completed since Dec. 2010

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Studies on PINGU ’ s Sensitivity to the Neutrino mass Hierarchy

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  1. Studies on PINGU’s Sensitivity to the Neutrino mass Hierarchy • P. Berghaus, H.P. Bretz, A. Groß, A. Kappes, J. Leute,S. Odrowski, E. Resconi, R. Shanidze • DPG-Frühjahrstagung • Dresden, March 7, 2013

  2. -1450 m -2450 m The IceCube neutrino observatory • Completed since Dec. 2010 • IceTopAir shower detector • IceCube86 strings (5160 PMTs)Instrumented volume: 1 km3 • Deep Coredensely instrumentedcentral region (8 strings) Alexander Kappes | DPG-Frühjahrstagung, Dresden | 07.03.2013 |

  3. DeepCore experience Example: IC79 DeepCore study • Veto atmospheric muons • Containment cuts → reduction by 103‑4(signal efficiency 10‑20%) • Further improvements can be expected cut level • Reconstruct low-energy events (direction, energy) • Measurement of Δm2 and sin2(2θ) • Energy information not used yet • Significant improvements expected(systematics crucial) Alexander Kappes | DPG-Frühjahrstagung, Dresden | 07.03.2013 |

  4. IceCube (1 GTon) DeepCore O(10-100) MTon PINGU O(1-10) MTon E. Resconi From IceCube via DeepCore to PINGU • IceCube • Instrumented volume: 1 Gt • Average DOM density: 5×10‑6 m‑3 • Target energy: ≳ 100 GeV • DeepCore • Instrumented volume: 10‑100 Mt • Average DOM density: 20×10‑6 m‑3 • Target energy: 10 GeV ‑ 100 GeV • PINGU • Instrumented volume: 1‑10 Mt • Average DOM density: > 200×10‑6 m‑3 • Target energy: 1 GeV ‑ 20 GeV • PINGU talks at DPG: • Mo T109.7 OM development • Mi T89.8,T89.9 Oscillations / matter effects • Do T104.5 Reconstruction Alexander Kappes | DPG-Frühjahrstagung, Dresden | 07.03.2013 |

  5. first set of cables/DOMs shipped to Pole design, manufacture and test hardware start data taking 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 drill preparations finish deployment (20 strings) Proposal to funding agencies first deployment Height 300 m PINGU • What is PINGU? • Precision IceCube Next Generation Upgrade • 20+ additional strings with 60-100 DOMs each in lower detector center • Preliminary timeline Alexander Kappes | DPG-Frühjahrstagung, Dresden | 07.03.2013 |

  6. PINGU: Hardware • Minimize cost and risk • Reduce (50%) power consumption for each single PINGU-DOM • Parts kept: sphere, penetrator, PMT, collar, gel, harness, HV generator and base, quad cable technology • Parts under new development: digitizer (ADC), mother board, flasher (LED), FPGA logic, power supply • Upgrade: DAQ, down-hole cable, surface electronics Cost reduction ~30% compared to IceCube also other ideas for future detectors under development → T109.7 (Mo.) L. Classen Alexander Kappes | DPG-Frühjahrstagung, Dresden | 07.03.2013 |

  7. H.P. Bretz preliminary charge ratio 0.015 m-1 scattering coefficient [1/m] PINGU: Hardware Alexander Kappes | DPG-Frühjahrstagung, Dresden | 07.03.2013 |

  8. PINGU: Physics topics • Precision measurement of oscillation parameters (sin θ23, Δm232)(→ T89.8 Wed. K. Frings) • Neutrino mass hierarchy → this talk • Low-mass WIMPs • MeV neutrinos from Galactic supernovae Alexander Kappes | DPG-Frühjahrstagung, Dresden | 07.03.2013 |

  9. νe νe νe e‑ sign ≙ mass hierarchy W W‑ e‑ e‑ e‑ νe atomic shell Neutrino Oscillations: The MSW effect • Electron neutrinos: Modification of oscillation parameters while traveling through matter • For two neutrino mixing: Neutrino Anti-Neutrino electron density Alexander Kappes | DPG-Frühjahrstagung, Dresden | 07.03.2013 |

  10. PINGU: Mass hierarchy Note: only neutrinos here IH NH Alexander Kappes | DPG-Frühjahrstagung, Dresden | 07.03.2013 |

  11. Note: neutrino telescopes inherently insensitive to ν ↔ ν ΔN(IH‑NH) / √N(NH) [PINGU 1 yr] Perfect resolution PINGU: Mass hierarchy Akhmedov et al., arXiv:1205.7071 Alexander Kappes | DPG-Frühjahrstagung, Dresden | 07.03.2013 |

  12. PINGU: Sensitivity to mass hierarchy Akhmedov et al., arXiv:1205.7071 • Significance crucially depends on • selection efficiency • zenith / energy resolution (→ talk R. Shanidze) • systematic uncertainties Alexander Kappes | DPG-Frühjahrstagung, Dresden | 07.03.2013 |

  13. PINGU: Mass hierarchy ‑ systematic uncertainties Alexander Kappes | DPG-Frühjahrstagung, Dresden | 07.03.2013 |

  14. Summary • DeepCore has demonstrated IceCube’s low-energy (10th GeV range) capabilities • PINGU aims at lowering the energy threshold to ~1 GeV → prime target: neutrino mass hierarchy • Working hard on overcoming challenges: reconstruction, systematic uncertainties, degeneracies with other oscillation parameters • Availability of full sensitivity / feasibility study planned for this Summer Alexander Kappes | DPG-Frühjahrstagung, Dresden | 07.03.2013 |

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