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Statistical Analysis of Equal Opportunity Data

Learn to monitor equal opportunity performance, identify potential discrimination, and understand adverse impact. Master statistical analysis techniques for effective data assessment.

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Statistical Analysis of Equal Opportunity Data

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  1. Statistical Analysis of EO Data Pir Ahmad, CRC

  2. Statistical Analysis of EO Data • Aids in monitoring activities • Monitor the recipient’s equal opportunity performance • Identify instances or areas of potential discrimination • Identify individuals or groups who may have been discriminated against

  3. Term to Know - Adverse Impact • A substantially different rate of representation, in hiring, promotion, or other employment decision that works to the disadvantage of protected group. (i.e. race, sex, nationality, etc.) • If a group’s rate of representation is less than 80% of the most favored group, the group is experiencing adverse impact.(Note: At this point, this does not mean discrimination.) 6-2

  4. Determining Adverse Impact:Four Steps • Calculate the rate of representation for each protected group by dividing the number of persons selected from a group by the number of applicants – or candidates – from that group.

  5. Determining Adverse Impact:Four Steps (cont.)

  6. Determining Adverse Impact:Four Steps (cont.) • Determine which group is experiencing the most advantageous rate: • For positive personnel transactions (e.g., hiring), the most favored group has the highest rate. • For negative personnel transactions (e.g., termination), the most favored group has the lowest rate.

  7. Determining Adverse Impact:Four Steps (cont.)

  8. Determining Adverse Impact:Four Steps (cont.) • Calculate the impact ratio by comparing the representation rate for each group with that of the most favored group. Multiply this result by 100 to express the result as a percentage. • For positive actions, place the most favored group’s rate in the denominator position. • For negative actions, place the most favored group’s rate in the numerator position.

  9. Determining Adverse Impact:Four Steps (cont.)

  10. Determining Adverse Impact:Four Steps (cont.) • Observe whether the resulting ratio for any group is less than .8 regardless of whether it is a positive or negative transaction – this indicates adverse impact. • Using this technique, the ratio will always be 1 or less.

  11. Term to Know – Standard Deviation • Measures dispersion – how spread out the values in a data set are. • A measure of the average difference between the values of the data in the set. • The standard deviation is always a positive number. (Note: At this point, this does not mean discrimination.) 6-10

  12. Statistical Analysis of EO Program Data: • Mean (average): Add the value of all the observations; then divide the sum by the number of data observations. µ =  (xn)/n

  13. Statistical Analysis of EO Program Data: (cont.) • Variance: Is the average squared deviation of the data from their mean (average). 2 = (x i - µ)2/n • Standard Deviation: The (positive) square root of the variance. A statistic used as a measure of dispersion in a distribution; a measure of the typical distance between the average (mean) and any given value. It measures the “width” of the distribution of values.  = √ 2

  14. Example of Data Analysis of EO Program Data:

  15. Example of Data Analysis of EO Program Data: (cont.)

  16. Example of Data Analysis of EO Program Data: (cont.)

  17. Example of Data Analysis of EO Program Data: (cont.)

  18. Example of Data Analysis of EO Program Data: (cont.)

  19. Example of Data Analysis of EO Program Data: (cont.)

  20. Example of Data Analysis of EO Program Data: (cont.)

  21. For further assistance in conducting statistical analysis on EO program data or for questions on this material Please contact: Pir Ahmad at (202) 693-6560 or via email at ahmad.pir@dol.gov

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