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HMD: Non-Pupil Forming Head/Helmet Mounted Displays

Learn about Non-Pupil Forming Head/Helmet Mounted Displays (HMDs), which present virtual images to the user at a comfortable distance. Explore their applications in military, medical, and gaming fields, and understand the performance parameters such as field of view, resolution, and eye relief.

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HMD: Non-Pupil Forming Head/Helmet Mounted Displays

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  1. EYE BOX – Non Pupil forming Head/Helmet Mounted Displays Art Hastings Jr 12/11/2006

  2. Head/Helmet Mounted Display (HMD) • HMD is a device intended to present virtual image of a microdisplay to the user at comfortable viewing distance and magnification • Applications: Military, Medical, Gaming

  3. HMDs eMagin 3D Visor HMD VSI F-35 HMDS

  4. Pupil Forming vs Non Pupil Forming • Pupil Forming – real exit pupil formed where the design eye location is. Exit pupil can be measured as luminance profile • Non Pupil Forming – no real exit pupil formed, must use performance parameters to determine the volume where the user’s eye must be palce

  5. Non Pupil Forming Performance Parameters • Field of View (FOV): the FOV viewable by the user at a given eye location • Resolution: the Contrast Transfer Function (CTF) at a given eye location

  6. Field of View • The FOV the user can achieve at a given eye location limited by vignetting of off axis field angles • This will be limited by the eye relief and the FOV of the system

  7. FOV limitations • Eye must rotate to view off axis field angles • Eye point of rotation located 10mm behind pupil • Will cause translation of pupil • As the eye translates out of Eye Box the user will move eye closer to the system (effectively decreasing the Eye Relief)

  8. Eye Relief (ER) effect on viewable FOV Pupil placed at ER resulting in vignetting of off axis field angles (lose FOV at edges) Eye point of rotation placed at ER resulting in reduced clearance between user’s eye and the HMD, but vignetting minimized

  9. Resolution: Contrast Transfer Fucntion (CTF) • CTF: measurement of contrast for a given spatial frequency square wave pattern Example of square wave pattern displayed by HMD

  10. CTF will vary with pupil position • Horizontal and Vertical CTF both measured as function of pupil position • Cutoff at 50% of CTF at ideal pupil position

  11. Eye Box • The eye box of the HMD is the volume where the user can place his pupil and achieve the full FOV for the system and see the full resolution of the system.

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