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Export. shipping. London. Cargo ships. Containers From one continent to another Oceans. Inland navigation. Smaller ships Bringing raw materials to the factories Canals, rivers, lakes. Advantages. Not as polluting as trucks Cheaper Over seas. Disadvantages. Slow

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  1. Export shipping

  2. London

  3. Cargo ships • Containers • From one continent to another • Oceans

  4. Inland navigation • Smaller ships • Bringing raw materials to the factories • Canals, rivers, lakes

  5. Advantages • Not as polluting as trucks • Cheaper • Overseas Disadvantages • Slow • Still big disasters

  6. Pollution of the sea

  7. Different types of pollution • Ballast water • Sound pollution • Ship impacts • Exhaust emissions • Oil spills • Sewage • Cleaning materials • Solid waste

  8. Sound pollution • Caused by shipping and other human enterprises • Has increased in recent history • This noise caused by ships can travel long distances

  9. Ship impacts • Big aquatic animals struck by ships • Causes injuries or death! • 40% of deaths to whalescaused by ship collisions

  10. Exhaust emissions • Significant source of air pollution • 18%-30% of all nitrogen oxide & 9% of sulphur oxide pollution • Amount of sulphur in air is way too high!

  11. Oil spills • Have devastating effect • Toxic for marine life • Hard to remove • Ex. Exxon Valdez incident in Alaska  400.000 seabirds & 1.000 sea otters dead

  12. Solid waste • Includes glass, paper, aluminium and plastics • Marine animals hurt or killed by getting entangled • 75% of solid waste is incinerated on board  ash discharged at sea

  13. Illegal Immigration by Boat → refugees, or asylum seekers → emigration by boat → persistent problem

  14. Historical examples → Vietnamese fugitives, out of the united Vietnam (70’s) → Cubans/Haitians trying to reach Florida → Africans fleeing to Europe (Italy/Spain) → People of Sri Lanka to Australia

  15. “People Smuggling” → Illegal and organized smuggling of people across international borders → High death toll

  16. Conditions on board → Terrible Conditions → Starvation → Diseases → Lucrative ways of hiding

  17. Drifting for days, with no land in sight

  18. The next European crisis: boat people For the coming year it may be north African boat people who present the greatest danger toEuropean unity. The turmoil over illegal migrants is a consequence of the Arab pro-democracy awakening on the far side of the Mediterranean andperhaps, of the Western military intervention in Libya. More than 20,000 boat people have landed on the Italian island of Lampedusa this year, almost all of them from Tunisia. More than800 have arrived in Malta, mostly from Libya. Source: TheEconomist.com

  19. Interestingfacts Reports on new research shows that in one year, a single large container ship can emit cancer and asthma-causing pollutants equivalent to that of 50 million cars. About 96% of the world trade is carried by maritime transportation. Transport by water is cheaper than transport by air.

  20. The largest cruise ship in the world is the Royal Caribbean’s Allure of the Seas. It is 361.81 meters long, holds 6,296 passengers Envisage an ideal place to live: Freedom Ship is a floating city housing 50,000 people. It’s located in Palm Harbour, Florida, the United States.

  21. 200 billion dollars; that is how much shipping companies will be forced to pay out in 2020 The United States of America wants to reintroduce the Hovercraft, because it’s an all-terrain vehicle. It can go over water, land, sand, swamp etc… it has a large capacity, so tanks and many soldiers can be transported fast to their destination.

  22. Thank you for your attention!

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