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Chapter 13

Chapter 13. European Middle Ages. Section 1: Charlemagne Unites Germanic Kingdoms. Middle ages AKA medieval period 500 to 1500. Germanic invaders took over the western half of the Roman Empire Changes: Disruption of Trade Invasions, businesses collapse, money scarce. Downfall of Cities

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Chapter 13

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  1. Chapter 13 European Middle Ages

  2. Section 1: Charlemagne Unites Germanic Kingdoms Middle ages AKA medieval period 500 to 1500

  3. Germanic invaders took over the western half of the Roman Empire Changes: Disruption of Trade Invasions, businesses collapse, money scarce Downfall of Cities Population Shifts Government collapsed, nobles and city dwellers went to rural areas Invasions of Western Europe

  4. Germanic invaders couldn’t read or write Church officials were literate The Decline of Learning

  5. German speaking people mixed with Roman people, Latin changed Still official language, but not understood Loss of Common Language

  6. Small Germanic kingdoms replaced Roman provinces Church survives Rome's fall Provided order and security Germanic Kingdoms Emerge

  7. Rome vs. German In Rome, loyalty to government and written law unified Roman society Family ties, personal loyalty unified German society German chiefs had warriors pledge to them Soldiers felt no loyalty to kings they didn’t know Personal ties made it impossible to establish orderly government for large territories The Concept of Government Changes

  8. Franks controlled Gaul Clovis was the leader Brought Christianity to the region Discuss how Clovis’s Frankish kingdom and the Church began a strong partnership. Clovis Rules the Franks

  9. 3 Causes of the spread of Christianity Politics Frankish rulers and the church converted many Missionaries Fear Coastal attacks by Muslims Germans Adopt Christianity

  10. Monasteries, Convents, and Manuscripts To adapt to rural conditions Monasteries built Places where monks lived Convents built Nuns lived Benedict and Scholastica wrote rules for monks and nuns (Discuss their lives) Monasteries became best-education communities

  11. Papal Power Expands Under Gregory 590, Gregory I becomes Pope Also called Gregory the Great Broadened papacy; it become secular Now not just a spiritual role but a political one too Discuss what he did

  12. An Empire Evolves After the Roman Empire, small kingdoms were all over Europe

  13. Charles Martel Emerges • Major Domo (mayor of the palace) • Most powerful person in the Frankish kingdom

  14. 719: Charles Martel (Charles the Hammer) Extended Franks reign Defeated Muslim raiders Pepin the Short Wanted to be king Working with the pope he fought the Lombard's Pope anointed him “king by the grace of God” Carolingian Dynasty begins Ruled Franks from 751-987 Charles Martel Emerges Cont.d’

  15. Charlemagne Becomes Emperor After Pepin’s death, kingdom went to his two sons Carloman Charles, also known as Charlemagne Charles the Great

  16. Charlemagne Extends Frankish Rule Largest empire since Rome built Brought Christianity to newly conquered areas Reunited western Europe Charlemagne went to Rome to defeat a group that attacked the pope Pope Leo III crowns him emperor Signal of Germanic power, Church and heritage of the Roman Empire

  17. Charlemagne Leads a Revival How did he control his empire? Limited authority of the nobles Royal agents sent out to spy on the counts Personally visited all regions of the empire Watched the management of his huge estates Promoted Learning

  18. Charlemagne’s Heirs Charlemagne, a year before his death crowned his son, Louis the Pious, emperor When Louis died his three sons fought for control Lothair Charles the Bald Louis the German Treaty of Verdun established Divided empire into three parts

  19. Section 2 Def: Political system Nobles granted use of land that belonged to king Nobles gave loyalty and military services in Europe

  20. Muslims Sicily Italy Rome Magyar East Vikings North Invaders Attack Western Europe

  21. Came from Scandinavia Also called what? Northmen or Norsemen Worshiped warlike gods Took pride in nicknames, like what? Eric Bloodaxe and Thor Skullsplitter The Vikings Invade From the North

  22. The Vikings Invade From the North Continued • Leif Ericson • North America • What do these two things have in common? • Fewer Vikings • Why? • Accepted Christianity • Warming trend

  23. Magyars Hungary Didn’t settle land What did they do? Took captives, sold as slaves Muslims North Africa In the 600’s they wanted to settle In the 800’s what did they want to do? Plunder Magyars and Muslims Attack from the East and South

  24. Constant danger Kings couldn’t protect Local rulers looked to for security Magyars and Muslims Attack from the East and South Cont.d’

  25. Based on rights and obligations Discuss how these terms are related Lord Fief vassal Feudalism Structures Society

  26. Rollo (Viking) Charles the Simple (king of France) met What was the agreement? A New Social Order: Feudalism

  27. The Feudal Pyramid

  28. Social Classes are Well Defined • Inherited • Fighters • Prayers • Workers

  29. Manors: The Economic Side of Feudalism

  30. Manor…another name? Read page 360 for job descriptions Manors: The Economic Side of Feudalism Continued

  31. This simplified depiction lays out the basic elements of a manor and its village. Location along a river was vital not only for water and waste disposal, but to run the mill wheel that drove the round millstones that ground the grain into flour. This view indicates that the peasants used three-field cropping, by which the land is divided in thirds, leaving one third unused, or fallow, each year to allow it to revitalize itself. This technique took a much lighter toll on the land and meant that it could be reused for centuries. Why is it called this? A Self-Contained World

  32. Taxes Tithe Living Conditions Life expectancies The Harshness of Manor Life

  33. The Age of Chivalry SECTION 3 Nobles fought each other Code of behavior began

  34. Knights: Warriors on Horseback • Occurred with Charles Martel • The Technology of Warfare Changes • Leather saddles and stirrups

  35. The Warrior’s Role in Feudal Society • Knights rewarded with fiefs • Knight’s obligated to serve in battle • Knighthood and the Code of Chivalry • Defense of three masters

  36. A Knight’s Training • Page • Squire • Knight • Travel for a year • Joined tournaments

  37. Brutal Reality of Warfare Tournaments not as bloody as real war Look at page 366

  38. The Literature of Chivalry • Castle life idealized • Epic Poetry • King Arthur and Charlemagne legendary heroes • The Song of Roland one of the earliest

  39. Love Poems and Songs • Troubadours traveled the countryside • Code of chivalry promoted a false image of knight • Eleanor of Aquitaine • Mother of Richard the Lion-hearted and John

  40. Women’s Role in Feudal Society(Powerless and seen as inferior) • Noblewomen • Could • Inherit estate from husband, but most passed down to sons • Send knights to war • Act as military commander and warrior • Defend castles • Lives limited • Peasant Women • Life unchanged • Their work was essential to the household

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