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WANG Shu ( 王 姝 ) China Electric Power Research Institute ( CEPRI ),

Preliminary Study on Large-scale Installation of Renewable Energy and Its Impacts on Regional Climate. WANG Shu ( 王 姝 ) China Electric Power Research Institute ( CEPRI ), State Grid Corporation of China ( SGCC ) 2019.05. Overview. Climate service need of power grid

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WANG Shu ( 王 姝 ) China Electric Power Research Institute ( CEPRI ),

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  1. Preliminary Study on Large-scale Installation of Renewable Energy and Its Impacts on Regional Climate WANG Shu (王 姝) China Electric Power Research Institute (CEPRI), State Grid Corporation of China (SGCC) 2019.05

  2. Overview • Climate service need of power grid • Present Renewable Energy (RE) in China • Impacts of large-scale RE installation • On atmospheric boundary layer • On land surface processes • On local (regional) Climate

  3. Power grid is Meteorology dependent Wind farm Solar park Hydropower Load Extreme temperature, drought, etc. Line icingLine dancing Transmission & distribution Thunder, rime, typhoon, frost, heavy rain, etc. Generation Wind, solar, hydro power FloodLandslide Mud avalanche 3 Electricity Load vs temperature

  4. 1. Climate service need of power grid • Electricity generation part • Climate prediction in wind speed, solar radiance, precipitation, streamflow for RE installation plan, power prediction and dispatch & operation. • Daily/weekly/monthly/annually pattern of wind/solar for generation schedule making. • Prediction on Extreme climate events (eg. icing and sandstorms, typhoon) for risk assessment on RE installation and utilization.

  5. 1. Climate service need of power grid • Electricity transmission and distribution part • Climate signal detection and prediction on Extreme climate events (eg. storms, lightening, etc.) for securing electricity transmission and operation. • Physical characteristicsof meteorological disasters occur on power system, like pollution deposit on insulators, ice accretion on overhead lines, etc. • Spatial and temporal distribution of hazardous weather/ climate and induced secondary disasters.

  6. 1. Climate service need of power grid • Electricity load part • Climate signal detection and prediction on Extreme climate events: • Drought, increasing load by agricultural facilities. • Extreme high/low temperature, increasing load by air-conditioner. • Successive rain days, increasing load by dehumidification, etc. • Other anthropogenic behavior alternation under climate change, etc.

  7. 2. Present RE in China • Rapid growth of Wind and PV capacity: wind power 100 times/10yr, PV power 100 times/5yr. • Till 2018, the bulk installation of wind power hit 1.84 ×108 kW, which has been top 1 in the world through recent 9 years. Wind power installed capacity (MW) PV installed capacity (MW)

  8. 3. Impacts of large-scale RE installation • Researches based on ground or satellite observation, and numerical models(WRF, CAM, LES, Fitch) demonstrate large-scale installation of wind power could lead to series impacts: • On atmospheric boundary layer • “turbine wake effect”：source of TKE and sink of KE • Reduce near-surface wind speed (by 8-9% at 10 m, 0.5 m/s in 50 km or 3 m/s in several km at hub height…) • Enhance turbulent kinetic energy (0.5 m2/s2in 1.1 km vertically) • Amplify vertical exchange of energy and substances… A onshore wind farm in Horns Rev, Denmark, Feb, 2008.

  9. 3. Impacts of large-scale RE installation • On land surface processes • Increase roughness and drag force • Alter temperature (0.5K↑in stable while↓in unstable stratification…) • Turbine motion alters the flux of energy and substances (15% ↓ in heat flux in stable stratification…) • Alter albedo (especially for solar parks), radiation transfer… • Alter vegetation fraction, evapotranspiration, soil hygroscopicity; Act as a heat source…

  10. 3. Impacts of large-scale RE installation • On regional climate • Complicated, varies for day/night and climate types： • Alter temperature (0.72 K/10a; 0.18 K; ±0.5 K…) • Increase near-surface humidity (0.03 g/m3…) • Alter momentum and wind speed above near-surface • Increase potential energy of convection triggering • Alter cloud fraction, radiation forcing, precipitation (1%↑; tow-fold…) • Alter regional vegetation fraction and runoff… • Overall, conclusions on this issue vary, and depend on many atmospheric factors. It is necessary to establish systematic and continuous observation on typical RE bases and conduct in-situ effective models to figure it out.

  11. Part of References CHANG R, ZHU R, GUO P 2016. A Case Study of Land-Surface-Temperature Impact from Large-Scale Deployment of Wind Farms in China from Guazhou. Remote Sensing [J], 8: 790. FIEDLER B H, BUKOVSKY M S 2011. The effect of a giant wind farm on precipitation in a regional climate model. Environmental Research Letters [J], 6: 045101. FITCH A C 2015. Climate Impacts of Large-scale Wind Farms as Parameterized in a Global Climate Model. Journal of Climate [J], preprint: 150508125018008. FITCH A C, OLSON J B, LUNDQUIST J K, DUDHIA J, GUPTA A K, MICHALAKES J, BARSTAD I 2012. Local and Mesoscale Impacts of Wind Farms as Parameterized in a Mesoscale NWP Model. Monthly Weather Review [J], 140: 3017-3038. KEITH D W, DECAROLIS J F, DENKENBERGER D C, LENSCHOW D H, MALYSHEV S L, STEPHEN P, RASCH P J 2004. The influence of large-scale wind power on global climate. Proc Natl AcadSci U S A [J], 101: 16115-16120. MIROCHAJ D, RAJEWSKI D A, MARJANOVIC N, LUNDQUIST J K, KOSOVIĆ B, DRAXL C, CHURCHFIELD M J 2015. Investigating wind turbine impacts on near-wake flow using profiling lidar data and large-eddy simulations with an actuator disk model. Journal of Renewable & Sustainable Energy [J], 7: 043143. PORT -AGEL F, LU H, WU Y-T 2014. Interaction between Large Wind Farms and the Atmospheric Boundary Layer. Procedia IUTAM [J], 10: 307-318. ROY S B 2011. Simulating impacts of wind farms on local hydrometeorology. Journal of Wind Engineering & Industrial Aerodynamics [J], 99: 491-498. ROY S B, PACALA S W, WALKO R L 2004. Can large wind farms affect local meteorology. Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres [J], 109: 4099-4107. ROY S B, TRAITEUR J J 2010. Impacts of wind farms on surface air temperatures. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences [J], 107: 17899-17904. SMITH C M, BARTHELMIE R J, PRYOR S C 2013. In situ observations of the influence of a large onshore wind farm on near-surface temperature, turbulence intensity and wind speed profiles. Environmental Research Letters [J], 8: 034006. SUN H, LUO Y, ZHAO Z, CHANG R 2018. The Impacts of Chinese Wind Farms on Climate. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres [J], 123: 5177-5187. Thanks! wangshu@epri.sgcc.com.cn

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