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The 39 Articles of Religion

The 39 Articles of Religion. Part five: Christ’s descent into hell. Article III: Of the going down of Christ into Hell. As Christ died for us, and was buried, so also is it to be believed, that he went down into Hell.

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The 39 Articles of Religion

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  1. The 39 Articles of Religion Part five: Christ’s descent into hell

  2. Article III: Of the going down of Christ into Hell As Christ died for us, and was buried, so also is it to be believed, that he went down into Hell. Orpheus playing the lute for Hades and Persephone in the underworld, by Jan Brueghel , late 16th C

  3. Sheol, the just, and the unjust • Jesus seems to imply some separation of souls in the land of departed spirits in his parable of Lazarus and the rich man Lazarus at the rich man’s gate, Leandro Bassano [late 16th C]

  4. The place of outer darkness • The New Testament, Jesus in particular, does speak of a place of judgment, using as a synonym the Valley of Hinnom—the place outside Jerusalem for burning refuse Hieronymus Bosch’s chaotic 1575 depiction of hell

  5. Apparent biblical proofs for the descent into hell • “… today you will be with me in paradise.” Luke 23:43 • “you will not abandon my soul to Sheol…” Acts 2:27-31, Peter quoting Psalm 16:10 on Pentecost • “When he ascended on high he led a host of captives, and he gave gifts to men.” Ephesians 4:8-10 • “…being put to death in the flesh but made alive in the spirit,in whichhe went and proclaimedto the spirits in prison...” 1 Peter 3:18-20 Christ between the two thieves, Albrecht Altdorfer, 1526

  6. The harrowing of hell [?] • Theologians differ widely in interpreting Peter’s reference to Christ ‘preaching’ to ‘spirits’ • Some view the descent into hell as metaphor • Others believe Christ brought the gospel to antediluvian souls • Others believe he descended to proclaim victory over the devil • Others believe he suffered further on our behalf Harrowing of Hell, Tintoretto, 1568

  7. The plain teaching of scripture • As fully man, Christ suffered death in every sense that we all will • After Christ’s ascension scripture only speaks of heaven as the location of departed saints • Christ’s death fully satisfied the just demand’s of God’s law; saints cannot die in judicial unrighteousness • Christ did triumph over the spiritual powers of our fallen world Russian orthodox icon of Christ the Great High Priest

  8. The Great Divorce, C. S. Lewis • Lewis provocatively suggested in his novel The Great Divorce that we might consider the doors of hell to be “locked from the inside.”

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