Expressing Exhortation with ... mashō Indicating Transportation with the Particle de

1. Class Session 10a Chapter 6 • Expressing Exhortation with ...mashō • Indicating Transportation with the Particle de • Forms of Transportation • Indicating a Partner with the Particle to • The Numbers 100 to 99,999 • The Question Word ikura • The Counter en Japanese 1100-L10a-07-12-2012

2. Expressing Exhortation with ...mashō • To say Let’s do . . ., use the polite volitional form mashō. Replace the masu in a polite present affirmative form with mashō. • Example: • kaerimasu kaerimashō. • I return. Let’s return. Japanese 1100-L10a-07-12-2012

3. Indicating Transportation with the Particle de • The particle de specifies the surrounding condition of the given action • Examples: • kyōto ni kuruma de ikimasu. • I will go to Kyoto by car. • daigaku ni wa mainichi jitensha de kimasu. • I come to the college by bicycle everyday. • The particle de also specifies other types of surrounding conditions of an action • Examples: • tomodachi no kekkonshiki ni kimono de ikimasu. • I’ll go to my friend’s wedding in kimono. • hitori de bijutsukan ni ikimasu. • I will go to the art museum by myself. • nihon-jin wa hashi de tabemasu. • The Japanese eat with chopsticks. Japanese 1100-L10a-07-12-2012

4. Forms of Transportation Common forms of transportation: densha train chikatetsu subway kuruma car basu bus takushii taxi jitensha bicycle hikōki airplane ferii ferry If you are walking, you can use the –te form (covered in Chapter 9) of the verb aruku (to walk) instead of the particle de watashi wa mainichi aruite kaisha ni ikimasu. (I go walking to the company every day) I go to my company on foot every day. Japanese 1100-L10a-07-12-2012

5. Indicating a Partner with the Particle to The particle to is used to list nouns as discussed in Chapter 5, but it is also used to mark the accompanying action performer (i.e., “with”) Examples: watashi wa raishuu bōifurendo to kyōto ni ikimasu. I will go to Kyoto with my boyfriend next week. mainichi inu to kōen ni ikimasu.1 I go to the park with my dog every day. (I take my dog to the park every day (?)) mainnichi tomodachi to kōen ni ikimasu. Everyday I go to the park with my friend. ---------------------------------- 1This is a strange sentence: could it mean the dog goes to the park every day and takes me with him? Japanese 1100-L10a-07-12-2012

6. The Numbers 100 to 99,999 (pp108-109) • To count 100 and over you need to learn three new words: • hyaku 100 • sen 1,000 • man 10,000 • Note that Japanese has a counting unit (man, “10,000”) that does not exist in English; • this can lead to confusion in counting large numbers • Use the same logic you applied for counting from 1 to 99 in Chapter 5: • ni-hyaku 200 (2x100) • ni-hyaku-ichi 201 ((2x100)+1) • ni-sen-sanbyaku 2,300 ((2x1000)+300) • ni-sen-sanbyaku-ichi 2,301 ((2x1000)+(3x100)+1) • kyū-sen-kyū-hyaku-kyū-jū-kyū 9,999 ((9x1000)+(9x100)+(9x10)+9) • ichiman 10,000 (1x10,000) • ni-man-ni-sen 22,000 ((2x10,000)+2x1000) Japanese 1100-L10a-07-12-2012

7. Sound Changes in Numbers 100 1,000 10,000 hyaku sen ichi-man ni-hyaku ni-sen ni-man san-byaku san-sen san-man yon-hyaku yon-sen yon-man go-hyaku go-sen go-man roppyaku roku-sen roku-man nana-hyaku nana-sen nana-man happyakuhassen(m) hachi-man kyū-hyaku kyū-sen kyū-man Japanese 1100-L10a-07-12-2012

8. The Question Word ikura • To ask the price of an item, use the question word ikura (how much?) • kono kaban wa ikura desu ka. • How much is this bag? • kore wa ikura desu ka. • How much is this? Japanese 1100-L10a-07-12-2012

9. The Counter en • The currency unit in Japan is the yen (pronounced en in Japanese) • Place it at the end of the numeric price • Examples: • san-byaku en ichi-man ni-hyaku en • 300 yen 10,200 yen • Dollar in Japanese is doru Japanese 1100-L10a-07-12-2012