大学英语四级翻译专项训练

1. 大学英语四级翻译专项训练

2. 主要问题 • 一、核心语法 虚拟语气、定语从句、主语从句、非谓语动词 • 二、固定搭配和常规用法

3. 虚拟语气 • 一、“时态向前推移规律”及其试用范围

4. 例句 • I would certainly go if I had the time.(与现在事实相反) • If he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him. (与将来事实相反) • She would have come if we had invited her.(与过去事实相反)

5. 在错综时间句中 • 谓语动词“具体问题，具体分析” • If you hadn’t watched television so late, you wouldn’t be so sleepy now.(从去与过去时间相反，主句与现在情况相反) • If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. (从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符 )

6. If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。 • If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。 • If she had returned an hour earlier, Mary wouldn’t have been caught in the rain. （2009，6月真题）

7. The victim would have a chance to survive if he had been taken to hospital in time.(2006年12月真题)

8. 虚拟语气练习 • 1.If I were you, I an umbrella. (take) • 2.If I knew his telephone number, I you. (tell) • 3. If I had gotten there earlier, I her. (meet) • 4.If he should come here tomorrow, I to him. (talk)

9. 5.If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we skating. （not go） • 6.If I had worked hard at school, I an engineer, too. (be) • 7.If he were free today, we him to Beijing. (send) • 8.If he knew her, he her. (greet)

10. 虚拟语气练习题答案 虚拟语气练习题答案 虚拟语气练习题答案 • 1.If I were you, I would take an umbrella. • 2.If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. • 3. If I had gotten there earlier, I should/could have met her. • 4.If he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him. • 1.If I were you, I would take an umbrella. • 2.If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. • 3. If I had gotten there earlier, I should/could have met her. • 4.If he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him. • 1.If I were you, I would take an umbrella. • 2.If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. • 3. If I had gotten there earlier, I should/could have met her. • 4.If he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him. • 1.If I were you, I would take an umbrella. • 2.If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. • 3. If I had gotten there earlier, I should/could have met her. • 4.If he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him.

11. 5.If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. • 6.If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. • 7.If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. • 8.If he knew her, he would have greeted her.

12. 特殊的固定搭配用法 • 一想要(desire)二宁愿(prefer)三命令(order. command)四建议(advice. suggest. propose)五要求(demand. require. request. desire. insist)中，无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用："should + do"。should可以省略。

13. The professor required that we (should) hand in our research reports by Wednesday.(2006年6月真题) • I suggested he should adapt himself to his new conditions.(2006年1月真题)

14. 定语从句

15. 关系副词 • Where的用法 • 在定语从句中作地点状语，代指地点。 • Potato can be grown in places where it is too cold to grow rice. • 有些太冷不能种水稻的地方，可以种马铃薯。 • When的用法 • 在定语从句中做时间状语， 指代时间。 • I shall never forget the days when we worked on the farm. • Why的用法 • 在定语从句中做原因状语。 • I have come around to explain the reason why I was absent from the meeting.

16. Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想见你的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） • He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语） • The book which/that is on the table is mine.（做主语） • The book which/that you bought yesterday is good.(做宾语) • The book whose cover is blue is mine.(做定语)

17. 关系代词练习 • The boy and the dog __ are in the picture are very lovely. • He came back for the book __ he had forgotten. • Our chemistry teacher is a man __ can make his class lovely and interesting. • Mr. White invited many friends to his party __ he respected much. • This is the pencil __ point is broken.

18. 关系代词练习答案 • The boy and the dogthat are in the picture are very lovely.(先行词既有人又有物，固用that) • He came back for the bookwhich he had forgotten.（which在定从中作宾语，代指主句中的the book） • Our chemistry teacher is a manwho/that can make his class lovely and interesting. • Mr. White invited many friends to his party whom/that he respected much. (whom/that在定从中做respected的宾语) • This is the pencilwhose point is broken.（whose做point的定语）

19. 关系副词练习 • 1.Make marks in places __ you have questions. • 2. I still remember the time __ we first met scores of years ago. • 3. Tell me the reason __ you left me. • 4. That is the day __ he went to college. • 5. This is the place __ he used to live.

20. 关系副词练习答案 • 1.Make marks in placeswhere you have questions. • 2. I still remember the timewhen we first met scores of years ago. • 3. Tell me the reasonwhy you left me. • 4. That is the daywhen he went to college. • 5. This is the placewhere he used to live.

21. Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems that/which they have no solutions to till now /to which they haven’t found answers so far.（2008年12月真题） • The prevention and treatment of AIDS is the field where (in which) we can cooperate.（2007年6月真题）

22. They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。（做定语） • A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作主语） • The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿那个包裹快要散开了。(which / that在句中作宾语）

23. 非谓语动词 • 动词不定式 • 动名词

24. 动词不定式 • to +动词原型 • 可以理解为“固定搭配”或“常识” • John said that he had run in order to catch the bus. • He hate to be misunderstood by others. • We’re happy to have been working with you. • It’s kind of you to say so.

25. 动名词 • 动词原形+ing (是名词)

26. I am sure that he will come in time. =I am sure of his coming in time. He is proud that he is selected as monitor. =He is proud of being selected as monitor. I’m confident that he have passed the exam. =I’m confident of his having passed the exam. He complained that he have been wronged by others. =he complained of having been wronged by others.

27. 动名词充当主语 • Asking for help is sometimes necessary. • Eating too much is not good for your health. • Teaching offers something besides money and power.

28. 主语从句 • what =the thing that What many people haven’t realized is that Simon is a lover of sports, and football in particular. (2009年6月真题) What most parents are concerned about is providing the best education possible for their children.(2008年12月真题)