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Will I need therapy after this class?

Will I need therapy after this class?. Lecture 14 - Genetics. MENDLE Founder of modern genetics.

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Will I need therapy after this class?

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  1. Will I need therapy after this class? Lecture 14 - Genetics

  2. MENDLE Founder of modern genetics http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=eesc.orst.edu/agcomwebfile/magazine/99Spring/Images/mendel!.gif.gif&imgrefurl=http://eesc.orst.edu/agcomwebfile/magazine/99Spring/OAPSpring99text/OAPSPRG9906.html&h=172&w=198&prev=/images%3Fq%3DMendel%26start%3D40%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26oe%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DN

  3. Mendel’s garden as it appears today in Austria http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=nitro.biosci.arizona.edu/courses/EEB320/Lecture03/pics/medgard.jpeg&imgrefurl=http://nitro.biosci.arizona.edu/courses/EEB320/Lecture03/Lecture03.html&h=284&w=384&prev=/images%3Fq%3DMendel%2527%2Bgarden%26start%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26oe%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DN

  4. Mendel studied inheritance of garden peas with no knowledge of meiosis

  5. ........such as shape, color and texture of pea seeds.

  6. Morgan advanced Mendel’s ideas using fruit flies. http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.amphilsoc.org/library/images/genetics/morgan2.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.amphilsoc.org/library/guides/genetics.htm&h=329&w=300&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmorgan%2Bgenetics%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26oe%3DUTF-8

  7. Fruit fly genetics is most well known of any animal

  8. Next……………………………… Some genetics terms and concepts

  9. Gene = that section of DNA responsible for protein (or trait) such as seed color, eye color, skin color, etc.) Review Chromatin Gene

  10. Genes Genes make protein products Alleles are alternate forms of gene for same trait Hemoglobin normal gene = H Hemoglobin sickle cell gene = h(allele)

  11. Genotype GENOTYPE is combination of genes responsible for traits or products. Three possibilities for genes H and h: HH and hh and Hh HH and hh = HOMOZYGOUS Genotypes Homo = same zygous = union; Hh = HETEROZYGOUS Genotype Hetero = other zygous = union

  12. Egg sperm H H h h HH Homozygous genotypes hh Normal zygote h H zygote with sickel cell Heterozygous genotype Hh Normal zygote

  13. Phenotype Physical, chemical, physiological, behavioral appearance of organism

  14. Review - Gene, Genotype & Phenotype Phenotype = normal red blood cell PHENOTYPE = normal hemoglobin GENOTYPES = HH or Hh H = normal hemoglobin GENE h = abnormal hemoglobin GENE PHENOTYPE = abnormal hemoglobin Phenotype = sickled red blood cell GENEOTYPE = hh

  15. Types of genetic interactions following amphimixis: Dominance / recessiveness Incomplete Dominance Codominance Pleiotropy Atavism Multiple Alleles at the same loci

  16. Dominant / Recessive Alleles (genes) DOMINANT allele - homozygous or heterozygous genotype = same phenotype RECESSIVE allele – phenotype only shows up in homozygous genotype Alleles (genes) Genotypes Phenotypes T (tall plant) TT Tall Plant t (short plant) Tt Tall Plant tt Short Plant

  17. G = allele for green seed pods is dominant g = allele for yellow pods is recessive gg GG or Gg

  18. Polydactyly due to dominant gene (P); normal is due to recessive allele (p) PP or Pp genotype syndactyly pp is normal PP or Pp

  19. Attached and Free earlobes Genotypes ff FF or Ff Phenotypes attached Free

  20. Several types of interactions: Dominance / recessiveness Incomplete Dominance Codominance Pleiotropy Atavism Multiple Alleles at the same loci

  21. Incomplete Dominance neither allele is completely expressed when the other allele is present. Genes Genotypes Phenotypes R (red flower) RR Red W (white flower) WW White RW Pink WW RW RR

  22. Several types of interactions: Dominance / recessiveness Incomplete Dominance Codominance Pleiotropy Atavism Multiple Alleles at the same loci

  23. Codominance equal expression of two alleles that occur at the same loci on homologous chromosomes Genes Genotypes Phenotypes IA IAIA Blood type A IB IBIB Blood type B i ii Blood type O IAIB Blood type AB IAi Blood type A IBi Blood type B IA and IB are codominant to each other, but dominant to i

  24. Type “A” protein in membrane Type A blood is IAIA or IAi Type “B” protein in membrane Type B blood is IBIB or IBi Type “A” and type “B” proteins in membrane Type AB blood is IAIB Neiter Type “A” or type “B” proteins in membrane Type O blood is ii

  25. Several types of interactions: Dominance / recessiveness Incomplete Dominance Codominance Pleiotropy Atavism Multiple Alleles at the same loci

  26. Pleiotropy = single gene has have multiple effects

  27. …. More pleitropy Sickle cell hemoglobin protein = Sickle cells

  28. …. More pleitropy Sickle cells = reduced blood flow

  29. …. More pleitropy Reduced blood flow = organ failures

  30. Several types of interactions: Dominance / recessiveness Incomplete Dominance Codominance Pleiotropy Atavism Multiple Alleles at the same loci

  31. Atavism Traits similar to ancestral evolutionary traits. Examples include: human tail, mammary line, dolphin hind limb May be due to: ancient genes mutations resulting in traits that resemble ancient traits

  32. Human gene pool Normal allele is N atavistic allele is W and rare NN = normal NW = normal WW = atavism N N N W W N N N N N W N N N N

  33. Human Tail is an example of Atavism or a form similar to an ancestral form

  34. Mammary line - atavistic trait resulting in multiple mammary glands in humans; as is found in other more primitive mammals

  35. Dolphin hind limb bud (atavism) degenerates by week 5 abnormal Normal

  36. Several types of interactions: Dominance / recessiveness Incomplete Dominance Codominance Lethal Alleles Pleiotropy Multiple Alleles at the same loci

  37. Si S Sp Sw least Order of dominance S – solid black Si – Black with some white Sp – white with some black Sw = all white Alleles Black and white coat color in dogs. Multiple Alleles at the same loci. 3 or more alleles at same loci within a population. Genotypes and Phenotype

  38. genotypes Phenotype = Black S S or S Si or S Sp or S Sw S – solid black Si – Black with some white Sp – white with some black Sw = all white

  39. Phenotype = Black with some white genotypes Si Si or Si Sp or Si Sw S – solid black Si – Black with some white Sp – white with some black Sw = all white

  40. genotypes Sp Sp or Sp Sw S – solid black Si – Black with some white Sp – white with some black Sw = all white Phenotype = White with some black

  41. S – solid black Si – Black with some white Sp – white with some black Sw = all white Sw Sw

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