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DESIGNED FOR DISEASE: The Link Between Local Food Environments and Obesity & Diabetes

DESIGNED FOR DISEASE: The Link Between Local Food Environments and Obesity & Diabetes. Stefan Harvey California Center for Public Health Advocacy BANPAC, June 4, 2008. Study Partners. The Study: Data Sources.

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DESIGNED FOR DISEASE: The Link Between Local Food Environments and Obesity & Diabetes

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  1. DESIGNED FOR DISEASE: The Link Between Local Food Environments and Obesity & Diabetes Stefan Harvey California Center for Public Health Advocacy BANPAC, June 4, 2008

  2. Study Partners

  3. The Study: Data Sources • Health and demographic data from the 2005 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS) • Locations of retail food outlets from the 2005 InfoUSA Business File • 2000 Census data on community income

  4. Retail Food Environment Index (RFEI) Fast-Food Restaurants + Convenience Stores RFEI = Grocery Stores + Produce Vendors

  5. 24% 23% * * 25% 20% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% RFEI < 3.0 RFEI 3.0 - 4.9 RFEI 5.0+ Higher RFEI = Higher Obesity Rates

  6. 8.1% * 7.8% 9% * 6.6% 6% 3% 0% RFEI < 3.0 RFEI 5.0+ RFEI 3.0 - 4.9 Higher RFEI = Higher Diabetes Rates

  7. 8.1% * 7.8% 9% * 6.6% 6% 3% 0% RFEI < 3.0 RFEI 5.0+ RFEI 3.0 - 4.9 Higher RFEI = Higher Diabetes Rates 23% difference

  8. 6 4.9 5 * 4.1 4 3 2 1 0 Lower-income Communities Higher-income Communities Higher RFEI in Lower-income Communities

  9. 6 4.9 5 * 4.1 4 3 2 1 0 Higher RFEI in Lower-income Communities 20% difference Lower-income Communities Higher-income Communities

  10. * 28% 30% 26% 24% 20% 10% 0% Lower-income Communities RFEI < 3.0 RFEI 3.0 - 4.9 RFEI 5.0+ RFEI & Obesity in Lower-income communities

  11. * 28% 30% 26% 24% 20% 10% 0% Lower-income Communities RFEI < 3.0 RFEI 3.0 - 4.9 RFEI 5.0+ RFEI & Obesity in Lower-income communities 17% difference

  12. ** 9.3% 10% 8.5% 7.7% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% Lower-income Communities RFEI < 3.0 RFEI 3.0 - 4.9 RFEI 5.0+ RFEI & Diabetes in Lower-income Communities

  13. ** 9.3% 10% 8.5% 7.7% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% Lower-income Communities RFEI < 3.0 RFEI 3.0 - 4.9 RFEI 5.0+ RFEI & Diabetes in Lower-income Communities 21% difference

  14. California adults with an RFEI ≥ 5.0 are 18% more likely to be obese than adults with an RFEI < 3.0 California adults with an RFEI ≥ 5.0 are 24% more likely to have a diagnosis of diabetes than adults with an RFEI < 3.0 Findings hold true after controlling for age, gender, ethnicity, individual income, community income, and physical activity levels

  15. Conclusions • Strong and direct link between the local food environment and both obesity and diabetes • Food environment affects communities across California • RFEI, obesity, and diabetes are all highest in lower-income communities

  16. PolicyRecommendations • Improve access by incentivizing retail store development and improvement • Promote retail innovations, including smaller-scale markets, selling healthy foods • Require chain restaurants to post nutritional information on menus and menu boards

  17. PolicyRecommendations • Establish zoning ordinances to limit fast food outlets in overburdened communities • Maximize the opportunities presented by the changes in the WIC food package • Target obesity and diabetes prevention efforts to lower-income communities

  18. WWW.PublicHealthAdvocacy.Org

  19. DESIGNED FOR DISEASE: The Link Between Local Food Environments and Obesity & Diabetes Stefan Harvey California Center for Public Health Advocacy BANPAC, June 4, 2008

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