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LITERATURE REVIEW: THE WAY TO GET IDEA AND SUPPORT YOUR OPINION

LITERATURE REVIEW: THE WAY TO GET IDEA AND SUPPORT YOUR OPINION. Ching-Chih Lee. What is literature review. Synthesis of existing knowledge: not just report previous studies Acquainted with status-quo (present) knowledge Explain and justify the formulation of research

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LITERATURE REVIEW: THE WAY TO GET IDEA AND SUPPORT YOUR OPINION

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  1. LITERATURE REVIEW: THE WAY TO GET IDEA AND SUPPORT YOUR OPINION Ching-Chih Lee

  2. What is literature review • Synthesis of existing knowledge: not just report previous studies • Acquainted with status-quo (present) knowledge • Explain and justify the formulation of research questions or hypothesis

  3. How to do? • Summarize past research • Explanation of decisions • Punctuated (emphasized) by references • Justify the need for further study: • Find the gap • Find the significance • Start your study

  4. No difference, No study • NO variation, No study

  5. EBM: Hierarchy of evidence System: Decision support, guidelines Summaries: Clinical Evidence (BMJ) Synopsis(概要): review; DARE database (Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effectiveness ) Syntheses(綜合體): Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Studies: medline

  6. Five steps in LR • Determine the major concepts • Prepare the coding sheet • Search for relevant references • Analyze the references • Report previous research on the selected topic

  7. Determine the major concepts • What are the concepts for your question? • List concepts: order of importance; logical presentation • The incidence of NPC in Taiwan • The subsequent risk of stroke in head and neck cancer • The stroke incidence in NPC: remained unknown • ………. • Don’t overlook worthy studies • Search, analyze search again…….

  8. Prepare coding sheet (1) • Collect all needed information: Endnote is a good method • Critique the references • A coding sheet is the results of preliminary review:

  9. Prepare coding sheet (2) • Background information • Design information • Measurement information • Outcomes information • Limitations

  10. Search for relevant references (1) • Read extensively in the area that are either area directly or indirectly related to the topic of study • Use current and widely accepted references

  11. Search for relevant references (2) • Sources of literature • Books • Journals: Medline, Pubmed, OVID, Health star… • These • Government reports • Scientific meeting • Unpublished work

  12. Search for relevant references (3) • How to narrow down your search? • Set limits: date of publication, study design, gender, age group… • Focus on review articles • Use related articles • Search the author’s name • Refine search • Pitfalls: self-cited problem, publication bias (only positive results)

  13. Search for relevant references (4) • Which ones to avoid? • Wrong subject matter • Flawed design • Study instrument, target population, dataset can’t answer the question • Poorly chosen sample • Inappropriate control groups • Too small sample size • Flawed analysis • Statistical procedures not well explained • Unsuitable tests

  14. Search for relevant references (5) • How good should we include? (not how many) • Quality is more important: Key references, such as • NEJM, JAMA, Neurology, Stroke, • CA, JCO, Cancer, Red Journal • Not too many citation to support your idea • Include the most important or influential papers • Literature review is a proxy of your knowledge in this field

  15. Don’t forget “Clinical queries” in pubmed • Clinical study categories • Systematic reviews • Medical genetics

  16. Demonstration of LR • Use Pubmed • Use limitation • Find related articles • Find articles published by the same author • Download citation • Endnote

  17. Examples Increased stroke incidence in NPC patients: A population-based study in Taiwan

  18. Thanks for your attention!

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