What are we going to learn? What does function mean? Function means __________.

1. Learning Objective We will explain the function1 of conjunctions. What are we going to learn? What does function mean? Function means __________. CFU Activate Prior Knowledge A conjunction connects parts of a sentence together. Common Conjunctions and, but, or, so, then, after, because, until, when • Identify the conjunctions in the sentences below. • Julia went to college and studied to be an engineer. • Elisha wants to sit down, but she is too busy. Students, you already know that conjunctions connect parts of sentences together. Now, we will explain the function of conjunctions. Make Connection 1 job or purpose Vocabulary

2. Concept Development • A conjunctionconnects parts of a sentence together. • A conjunction functions by joiningwords, phrases, and clauses2. • Different conjunctions show different relationships. CFU Which of the following sentences has a conjunction? How do you know? A Albert found the screwdriver in the drawer. B Francisco went outside and found his watch. In your own words what is a conjunction? “A conjunction is __________.” Conjunctions 2 a part of a sentence with a complete idea Vocabulary List of Conjunctions

3. Skill Development/Guided Practice • A conjunction connects parts of a sentence together. • A conjunction functions by joining words, phrases, and clauses. • Different conjunctions show different relationships. How did I/you determine the relationship between the words, phrases, or clauses? How did I/you know which conjunction to add? How did I/you explain the function of the conjunction? CFU Explain the function of conjunctions. 1a Read the sentence carefully. Determine3 the relationship between the words, phrases, or clauses. Add an appropriate conjunction into the sentence. (write) Explain4 the function of the chosen conjunction. (write and read aloud) 1 a 1b b 2 2 and 1. There are squirrels, birds, _______ a large cat outside the house. connecting similar words such as animals that live outside and The conjunction ________ functions by ________________________ ________________________________________________________. 2. These snakes usually eat mice, rats, _______ other small animals. or joining words that show options such as what snakes can eat The conjunction ________ functions by ________________________ ________________________________________________________. or 3. The First Continental Congress met inside Carpenter’s Hall, ______ they discussed their problems with the Intolerable Acts. and connecting similar clauses about the First Continental Congress and The conjunction ________ functions by ________________________ ________________________________________________________. 4. Many in the Congress wanted to boycott British goods to end the Intolerable Acts, _____ others wanted to remain loyal to Great Britain. Vocabulary 3 figure out 4 tell about something but joining two clauses that show contrast in Congress about boycotting the British The conjunction ________ functions by ________________________ ________________________________________________________. but List of Conjunctions

4. Skill Development/Guided Practice (continued) • A conjunction connects parts of a sentence together. • A conjunction functions by joining words, phrases, and clauses. • Different conjunctions show different relationships. How did I/you determine the relationship between the words, phrases, or clauses? How did I/you know which conjunction to add? How did I/you explain the function of the conjunction? CFU Explain the function of conjunctions. 1a Read the sentence carefully. Determine the relationship between the words, phrases, or clauses. Add an appropriate conjunction into the sentence. (write) Explain the function of the chosen conjunction. (write and read aloud) 1 a 1b b 2 2 but 5. A frog has long legs, _______ a toad has short legs. connecting two clauses that show contrast between a frog’s and a toad’s leg The conjunction ________ functions by ________________________ ________________________________________________________. but 6. The pioneers came west looking for gold, _______ they settled in California. and connecting two clauses that relate information about pioneers and The conjunction ________ functions by ________________________ ________________________________________________________. when 7. Water will freeze ______ its temperature reaches 0 Celsius. joining two clauses that show the time that water will freeze The conjunction ________ functions by ________________________ ________________________________________________________. when Since 8. _____ all the planets travel around the sun, the sun must be the center of the Solar System. joining two clauses that show why the sun is the center of the Solar System since The conjunction ________ functions by ________________________ ________________________________________________________. List of Conjunctions

5. Skill Development/Guided Practice (continued) How did I/you determine what the question or prompt is asking? How did I/you determine the ELA concept required? How did I/you determine the relevant information? How did I/you answer the question? How did I/you determine if all parts of the question have been answered? CFU 1 2 3 4 Answering ELA Questions 1 Determine what the question or prompt is asking. 2 Determine the ELA concept required. 3 Read the text to determine relevant information. 4 Answer the question. 5 Re-read the directions to determine if you answered all parts of the question. 5 1. What is the function of the conjunction in the sentence below? The sun causes shadows to change at different times of the day, month, and year. The function of and is to connect similar times in the sentence. 2. How does but function in the sentence below? A shadow shows the shape of an object, but it doesn’t show colors or details. The conjunction but functions in the sentence by joining clauses that show contrast between what a shadow shows and doesn’t show.

6. Relevance • A conjunction connects parts of a sentence together. • A conjunction functions by joining words, phrases, and clauses. • Different conjunctions show different relationships. Explaining the function of conjunctions will help you be more clear in your own writing. 1 Alice was beginning to get very tired of sitting by her sister on the bank, and of having nothing to do… I went to the doctor’s office but I went to the store.I went to the doctor’s office and I went to the store. From Alice in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll Explaining the function of conjunctions will help you better understand what you read. 2 Explaining the function of conjunctions will help you do well on tests. 3 CFU Does anyone else have another reason why it is relevant to explain the function of conjunctions? (Pair-Share) Why is it relevant to explain the function of conjunctions? You may give one of my reasons or one of your own. Which reason is more relevant to you? Why? Sample Test Question: 47. Which sentence uses a conjunction that functions by joining two clauses that show when? A. Elise forgot her homework, so she had to redo it at recess. B. Since the children went across the street, they had to use the crosswalk. C. After the children played soccer at the park, they went to have pizza. D. I had to buy a new book the next morning.

7. A conjunction connects parts of a sentence together. • A conjunction functions by joining words, phrases, and clauses. • Different conjunctions show different relationships. Skill Closure Explain the function of conjunctions. Read the sentence carefully. Determine the relationship between the words, phrases, or clauses. Add an appropriate conjunction into the sentence. (write) Explain the function of the chosen conjunction. (write and read aloud) 1 a b 2 Word Bank after 1. Life was changed forever for American Indians _______ the priests came to the New World. Word Bank conjunction words phrases clauses relationships function after joining two clauses that show when life changed for the American Indians The conjunction ________ functions by ________________________ ________________________________________________________. 2. _________ dolphins have sharp, cone-shaped teeth, porpoises have flat teeth. Although The conjunction ________ functions by ________________________ ________________________________________________________. joining two clauses that compare the teeth of the dolphin and porpoise although Access Common Core Agnes thinks that the conjunction in the sentence below functions by showing time. Do you agree with her? Why or why not? Andrea had a lot of fun while she was climbing the mountain. Yes, Agnes is correct. The conjunction while functions by showing when she had fun. Summary Closure List of Conjunctions What did you learn today about explaining the function of conjunctions? (Pair-Share) Use words from the word bank.

8. Independent Practice • A conjunction connects parts of a sentence together. • A conjunction functions by joining words, phrases, and clauses. • Different conjunctions show different relationships. Explain the function of conjunctions. Read the sentence carefully. Determine the relationship between the words, phrases, or clauses. Add an appropriate conjunction into the sentence. (write) Explain the function of the chosen conjunction. (write and read aloud) 1 a b 2 and 1. Alex, Julio, _______ Emir wanted to stay inside all day. connecting similar items or people who wanted to stay inside and The conjunction ________ functions by ________________________ ________________________________________________________. 2. The class can go visit NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory ______ the Monterey Bay Aquarium. or joining two phrases that show options of where to visit The conjunction ________ functions by ________________________ ________________________________________________________. or 3. Christopher Columbus is credited with discovering the Americas, _________ other Europeans had been to the New World before. but joining two clauses that show a disagreement of who discovered the Americas but The conjunction ________ functions by ________________________ ________________________________________________________. 4. Columbus gets credit for discovering the New World __________ the others who had been there did not make their discoveries as public. because List of Conjunctions joining two clauses that explain the cause of Columbus getting credit The conjunction ________ functions by ________________________ ________________________________________________________. because

9. Independent Practice (continued) • A conjunction connects parts of a sentence together. • A conjunction functions by joining words, phrases, and clauses. • Different conjunctions show different relationships. Explain the function of conjunctions. Read the sentence carefully. Determine the relationship between the words, phrases, or clauses. Add an appropriate conjunction into the sentence. (write) Explain the function of the chosen conjunction. (write and read aloud) 1 a b 2 When 5. _______ the first Europeans came to the Americas, they brought many diseases with them. joining two clauses that show when diseases were brought to the Americas when The conjunction ________ functions by ________________________ ________________________________________________________. 6. Many Native Americans died from these new diseases _______ they ever met Europeans. before joining two clauses that show when the Native Americans got sick The conjunction ________ functions by ________________________ ________________________________________________________. before 7. Europeans brought back many foods from the Americas, _________ many people considered some of the new plants poisonous. but joining two clauses that show contrast but The conjunction ________ functions by ________________________ ________________________________________________________. 1 a style of cooking in a country or area Vocabulary 8. __________ these new foods were accepted, they became important parts of many different cuisines1. As soon as List of Conjunctions joining two clauses that show when new foods became important parts of cuisines The conjunction __________ functions by ______________________ ________________________________________________________. as soon as

10. Periodic Review 1 Explain the purpose of the conjunctions. Since 1. __________ noodles were invented in China, Marco Polo is thought to have introduced pasta to Italy. joining two clauses that explain the cause of Marco Polo bringing pasta to Italy since The conjunction ________ functions by ________________________ ________________________________________________________. 2. Helen will go to the new ice skating rink ___________ she finishes her homework. as soon as joining two clauses that describe when Helen will go ice skating as soon as The conjunction ___________ functions by _____________________ ________________________________________________________. Access Common Core Eloise thinks that through is a conjunction in the sentence below. Mr. Jimenez says that her answer is incorrect. Explain the mistake that she made. Herbert thinks that the conjunction “whereas,” shows the cause of James going outside. Do you agree with him? Why or why not? Alexis worked hard on her homework, whereas James was lazy and went outside. When Yang got to work, she found that she had to go through the back. Eloise’s answer is incorrect because through does not connect or join the two clauses. When is the correct conjunction because it shows when Yang got to work. List of Conjunctions No, Herbert is incorrect. The conjunction whereas functions by connecting two clauses that show comparison not cause or why something happened.

11. Periodic Review 2 Explain the function of the conjunctions. because 1. Samuel and David had to go home _________ they were both very sick. joining two clauses that describe what causes them to be sent home because The conjunction ________ functions by ________________________ ________________________________________________________. 2. We are exposed to most of the germs that make us sick by touching them __________ you should wash your hands often. so joining two clauses that show what should be done because of germs we touch The conjunction ________ functions by ________________________ ________________________________________________________. so Access Common Core Which of the following statements is true about the conjunctions in the sentence below. If not true (No), explain why. Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No After I went swimming, Alberto took a nap inside the house because it was hot and he was tired. “After” is a conjunction that describes when he took a nap. “Because” is a conjunction that describes why he took a nap. “and” is a conjunction that shows when it was hot. List of Conjunctions “Inside” is a conjunction that describes where he took a nap.

12. Periodic Review 3 Explain the function of the conjunctions. Until 1. __________ I learned how to multiply, I thought it was impossible. joining two clauses that explain when he thought multiplication was impossible until The conjunction ________ functions by ________________________ ________________________________________________________. 2. ______ I receive good grades, my parents will buy me a new laptop. If joining two clauses that explain what will cause him to get a new laptop The conjunction ________ functions by ________________________ ________________________________________________________. if Access Common Core Read the paragraph. Circle all the conjunctions and then explain the function of each one. Running as an Exercise 1. Running strengthens your heart, lungs, and muscles. 2. Running gives your body energy by increasing your oxygen intake. 3. Running helps improve your immune system1, so you don’t get sick. 4. After a person runs, brain function increases. 5. Plus, running is convenient2 because you can run anywhere. 44 words Vocabulary 1 (immune system) way your body protects itself against getting sick 2 easy, does not cause much trouble List of Conjunctions

13. Exploring Conjunctions Provided below is a list of interactive activities or games on conjunctions. If links are broken, please notify us at: feedback@dataworks-ed.com. Note: There are multiple activities and worksheets available online for using conjunctions. To align these activities to 5th grade, students should be expected to explain the function and relationship of the words, phrases, or clauses.

14. EDI – Cognitive, Teaching, and English Learner Strategies Cognitive Strategies Teaching Strategies Language Strategies Content Access Strategies

15. List of Conjunctions Coordinating Conjunctions and – connects similar items or ideas; provides additional related information but – presents a disagreement, contrast or exception for – shows a reason nor – presents a negative agreement or – shows an alternative object or idea yet – presents contrast or exception so – presents a consequence Subordinating Conjunctions • Comparison – shows that two different events or ideas are being compared • although • as • as though • even though • just as • though • whereas • while • Time – shows when something happens • after • as soon as • as long as • before • once • still • till • until • when • whenever • while • Cause – shows why something happens • as • because • in order that • since • so that • Place – shows where something happens • where • wherever Back to Concept Dev Back to Skill Dev Back to Skill Dev (cont.)