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The Family

The Family. Chapter 11. The Family. What is a family? What is the role of the family or family members?. Family. A family is a group of people linked by blood, marriage, or adoption. Family of orientation…the one we are born into. Family of procreation…the family established by marriage.

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The Family

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  1. The Family Chapter 11

  2. The Family • What is a family? • What is the role of the family or family members?

  3. Family • A family is a group of people linked by blood, marriage, or adoption. • Family of orientation…the one we are born into. • Family of procreation…the family established by marriage. • Marriage… an institutionalized social structure that provides a framework for regulating sexual behavior and childbearing • the legal union between two people.

  4. Universal Aspects/Responsibilities of Family • Reproduction/population replacement • Regulating sexual behavior • Caring for dependents • Socialization • Emotional support and caring

  5. Family Patterns • Nuclear family…parents and children • Value independence • Extended family…a couple and their children live with other relatives in the same household. • In-laws • Uncle • Grandparent

  6. Family Over Life Course • Childhood • Sheltered time…focus on developmental tasks • Adolescence • Period of high strain….caught in the middle…little value to society but pressure for future value and independence • Adulthood • Rites of passage…formal rituals • Seeking romance or passing time? • Marriage market • Middle Ages • Busy time…family and role overload • 65 and beyond

  7. Marriage

  8. Marriage Arrangements • Monogamy…one man, one woman. • Most common today • Polygamy…married to more than one at a time. • Polygyny…man to many women. • Legal in parts of India, Africa, and the Middle East. • Polyandry…woman to many men.

  9. Why People Get Married • Being "in love." • Desiring companionship and sex. • Wanting to have children. • Social pressure. • Attempting to escape from their parents' home. • Believing they will have greater resources.

  10. Divorce • The legal process of dissolving a marriage that allows former spouses to remarry if they so choose. • Recent studies have shown that 40%-50% of first marriages end divorce (Kreider 2005) • Main reason…Irreconcilable differences

  11. Characteristics of Those Likely to Get Divorced • Marriage at an early age. • A short acquaintanceship before marriage. • Disapproval of the marriage by relatives and friends. • Limited economic resources. • Having a high-school education or less. • Parents who are divorced or have unhappy marriages. • The presence of children at the beginning of the marriage. • Race/Religion

  12. Family Life

  13. Blended Families • Some people become part of blended families, which consist of a husband and wife, children from previous marriages, and children (if any) from the new marriage. • The Brady Bunch • Represent about 40% of U.S. households. • Problems facing blended families: • Financial difficulties. • Stepchildren antagonism…children do not approve. • Unclear roles…stepparents are not sure of their place.

  14. Single Parent Families • 1 out of 4 American families is a single parent family. • Only 24% of which are headed by males (Pew, 2013) • Women are more likely to win custody or are left by husbands. • As women become more educated and advance in the workplace, more are choosing to be unwed single parents.

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  16. Single Parenting • 25% of white children and 66% of African American children spend part of their childhood in a single parent household (2014). • 35% of total child population. • Children of single parent households are more likely to be deviant.

  17. Teen Pregnancy • The United States has among the highest rates of teen pregnancy in the Western industrialized world but the are declining • In 2014 the total number of live births per 1,000 women ages 15 to 19 was 24.2 (CDC).

  18. Primary Reasons for Teen Pregnancy • Many sexually active teens don’t use contraceptives. • Teenagers may receive little accurate information about the use of contraception. • Some teenage males believe females should be responsible for contraception. • Some teenagers view pregnancy as a way to gain adult status.

  19. Childless Marriages • Historical norms and values viewed women as failing to fulfill their duty as wives if they did not have children. • More married women are choosing not to have children: • Stigmas are being removed • Pursuing careers • Now longer THE reason to get married • Fear of raising children in immoral world • Financial constraints

  20. Dual-Employed Marriages • Marriages in which both members work put additional strains on the couple. • Women do double duty and work about 15 hours more a week than men • Women face role conflict • May hurt man’s ego • Positive attributes: • Provides higher independence for women • Provides greater financial stability • Greater options for both members • Role models for children

  21. Cohabitation • Refers to two people who live together, and think of themselves as a couple, without being legally married. • A recent study of 11,000 women found that there was a 70% marriage rate for women who remained in a cohabiting relationship for at least 5 years. • Of the women in that study who married their partner, 40% became divorced within a 10-year period.

  22. Cohabitation • Most who cohabitate are either: • Under age 45 and previously married • Older individuals who do not want to lose financial benefits by re-marrying • Domestic partnerships…a household partnership in which an unmarried couple seeks the same rights and benefits as married, heterosexual couples.

  23. Single Life • Career opportunities • Excitement and Freedom • Individualistic values and independence • Economic reasons (can’t afford a family)

  24. Boomerang Kids • Young adults who leave home and return or always live with their parents. • More than 25% of adults age 18-34 live with their parents. • Why? • Marrying later • Attending school is cheaper • High cost of living • Failed marriage

  25. Boomerang Kids • Problems associated with Boomerang Kids. • High costs for parents • Parents lose privacy and their own life • The kids returning home feel guilt and depression

  26. Families and Violence • Although the family is assumed to provide a warm and safe haven, it may sometimes provide for a hostile environment. • Family violence occurs at all levels. • OJ Simpson • Abused his wife • Menendez Brothers • Abused as children • 25% of adults report being abused as children • 25% of girls are victims of sexual aggression (not always physical abuse) • 10% of boys are victims.

  27. Families and Violence • 4 million women are battered by husbands annually. • 5 times more likely than males • The distribution of men towards women and women towards men is almost equal when it come to physical violence. • However, much of the violence conducted by females is in retaliation or self protection. • Abuse is not always physical. • 9 million children suffer from neglect. • The most common form of family violence is between siblings. • Abuse of elderly…2.5 million annually.

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