Biography

1. Research in IS/IT FieldsAchmadNizarHidayantoFakultasIlmuKomputerUniversitas Indonesianizar@cs.ui.ac.id

2. Biography • Name : Achmad Nizar Hidayanto • Title : Coordinator of IS/IT Stream, Fasilkom UI • Education: S1 – S3, in Computer Science, Univ. Indonesia • Interests : e-commerce, e-government, knowledge management, enterprise systems, IT management, and information systems in general. • Contact : nizar@cs.ui.ac.id

3. Definitions • Research is defined in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research] • “Research is often described as an active, diligent, and systematic process of inquiry aimed at discovering, interpreting, and revisingfacts. This intellectualinvestigation produces a greater knowledge of events, behaviors, theories, and laws and makes practical applications possible. The term research is also used to describe a entire collection of information about a particular subject, and is usually associated with the output of science and the scientific method.” • Because research is so important it is essential that the researcher be fully acquainted with the methods by which research is made possible. • Research requires: • an open enquiring mind • a creative orientation • a critical, analytical approach • logical reasoning • accuracy and care • dedication and honesty

4. Key Research Elements • Plan Research • Literature Review • Research Methodologies • Data Analysis • Technical Writing

5. Plan Research • (1) Select some general topics that interest you • (2) Draft a hypothesis or tentative statement at start of your research project • (3) Proposal writing

6. Plan Research • Sources of research topic inspiration? • IS/IT top conferences: ICIS, ECIS, AMCIS, PACIS, ACIS, MCIS, HCIS, etc. • Top IS/IT journals: • Known reputable publishers: AIS, Sciencedirect, Springer, Inderscience, Taylor &Francis, Emerald, etc. IEEE (?? Please be careful of papers from bogus conferences) • Edited and peer reviewed book chapters • Choosing research topics: • Up to date, state of the art • Address current issues: social media, cloud computing, outsourcing, big data, global software development, internet of things, mobility, healthcare, etc. • Consider the contribution of your research • Who will get benefits of your research? • What topics come in your mind? • E-commerce

7. Plan Research • Examples from ICIS 2014 • Lesson 1: IS research is not only about software development!! • Societal Impacts of IS • Decision Analytics, Big Data, &Visualisation • E-Business • Economics and Value of IS • Global and Cultural Issues in IS • Human Behavior and IS • Human-Computer Interaction • IS Curriculum and Education • IS Design Science • IS Governance • IS in Healthcare • IS Security and Privacy • IS Strategy, Structure, and • Organizational Impacts • Project Management and IS Development • Research Methods • Service Science and IS • Social Media and Digital Collaboration

8. Literature Review • Develop Search Plan • Where would I find the information I need? • What type of resource do I need, book, scholarly articles etc? • How much time do I have? • How will know if the information I discover is up-to-date and authoritative? • Search Effectively • Build search strings • List keywords • explore any other words that describe the same meaning to your topics, or larger topic or subtopics • Choose research resources • catalogue for books, particular databases, e-journals • Search in databases

9. Literature Review • Example of search term

10. Literature Review • Evaluate Information • Not everything you find can be used in your paper. You need to measure the resources against Authority, Coverage, Currency, Author, and Relevancy. • If you find Too Much Information • Use more specific keywords and boolean operators • Check where the search terms matched e.g., title, abstract, or full text • Limit your search to a specific type of information e.g., journal articles or books • Limit it by a specific date range • Limit it by a specific format Scholarly or Peer Reviewed • If you find Too Little Information • Check your spelling • Get rid of long phrases • Use alternative terms • Broaden your search terminology

11. Literature Review • Organize Your Findings • Organize your literature review findings into some themes • Write your literature review paper • Lesson 2: Use systematic literature review!

12. Type of Research Methods  Qualitative Research Survey Research Action Research Case Study Research Quantitative Research Sampling Measurement & Data Collection Experimental Research Research Methodology

13. Lab Experiments Field experiments Surveys Case studies Forecasting Simulation (Grounded research) Action research Subjective / argumentative Descriptive / interpretive Futures research Reviews Galliers splits the methods into “Scientific” and “Interpretive” (“the challenge . . . is to find practical ways to combine qualitatively different research approaches” --Mathiassen 2002) Combinational approaches: Longitudinal studies (Collaborative practice research) (Dialectical)

14. Example • Lab Experiments • Evaluating impact of “positive and negative reviews” and “information overload” in social media toward consumer purchase intention • Setup environment by creating 4 websites (2 x 2 factorial design) • Assign student randomly to one of prepared websites. At the end of their task, ask them to fulfill a questionnaire. • Survey • Investigating environment uncertainty toward business process agility and organizational performance • Distribute questionnaire to top 200 companies in Indonesia • Analysis the results by using regression or SEM

15. Example • Assess the strengths and weakness of each methodology before you choose it • What is the strength of quantitative approach over qualitative approach? • Lesson 3: if you don’t have ideas of suitable methodology for your research, read papers and see what other people used in their research!!

16. Data Analysis • Use common approaches to analyze your collected data • Quantitative • Regression • ANOVA, MANOVA • SEM (variance base vs covariance based) • etc • Qualitative • Hermeneutics • Etc • MCDM • AHP/ANP • Dematel • TOPSIS • etc

17. Writing Reports/Scientific Paper • Compose your message • Finding an outlet • Structure of Design Science papers • Example: Structure of Quantitative Research papers • Rules of the game

18. 1. Compose your message • What is new? • What was not known, and is known now? • A paper is not a summary of your thesis • Select the best parts of your research findings • What position statement do you want to make? • Formulate a one sentence position statement • RICE test • Rigour: show that the research process is adequately and thoroughly performed • Interesting: the results are appealing for a wide audience • Contribution: significant and valuable addition to knowledge • Exposition: explain everything in a logical and clear manner

19. 2. Finding an outlet Level • Workshop: 30 – 50 submission with 50% acceptance rate • Conference: 100 – 500 submissions with a 10-25% acceptance rate • Journal: 30% acceptance rate with long lead times Subject • Narrow: Web Information Systems Modeling • Medium: Business Process Management • Broad: Information Systems Region • National • European, Americas, Asia, Australia, Nordic • Worldwide  The higher the more competitive  For students it is most successful to focus on a narrow focussed European workshop

20. 3. Structure of the Paper • Abstract • Introduction with a good title to scope the paper • Key contribution • Foundation of Key Concepts • Conceptual Model (if any) • Research Methodology • Results and Discussions • Including “Research Implication” • Conclusions and further research • Acknowledgements • References

21. Title • Descriptive title covering the domain and the contribution • Nice alliterations or paraphrasing of proverbs • “Maturity Matters” • “Useful but Unused” • “Turning the Ugly Duckling into a Swan” • No punctuation, except for : for subtitle • No unknown acronyms

22. Abstract • First sentence is problem statement • Some overall conclusion at the end to position the conclusion • Do not oversell your contribution • Choose keywords known in the domain and from the list of topics in the Call for Papers

23. Introduction • Give Introduction a good title to scope the paper, e.g. • Introduction: Software Supply Networks • Problem description with some published evidence (collect continuously! Not again the Chaos report) • Literature perspective with related work • Main research question • Main contribution of the paper • Outline of the paper • Sometimes Related Work is a separate chapter

24. Chapters 2, 3 and ff • The design artefact • Proper explanation • Adhere to the customs in the area • With examples • Meta-models • Formal mathematics • Be aware that many papers have suggested similar designs • What makes your solution different? • Other chapters explain design artefact • Overall method with steps • Further explanation of details • Case study/ies with examples

25. Conclusions Conclusions and further/future research • Major findings: some kind of summary without being a summary • Limitations of the study, be honest • Some outlook of the usage • Some speculations, but not overselling • Future research • Try to avoid references, especially to future work of yourself in this chapter, unless it has been finalized.

26. 4. Example: Structure of quantitative research papers • Introduction • Theory • The model, framework, hypothesis • Methodology (sample and data collection procedures) • Results and Discussion (measurement and structural model, discussion, implication/lesson learned) • Conclusion and evaluation

27. Trigger

28. Data collection • 3 Experts Meetings • 31 respondents of 30 organisations • Between 10 and 10.000 fte • All sectors • On-line questionniare • Group discussion meeting

29. Analysis (tabular)

30. Analysis (figure)

31. Discussion and conclusions

32. 5. Rules of the game • The supervisors of both the academic side as well as the organisation side are invited as co-authors Even when they will not write any texts • They have been helpful in arranging the research environment, in establishing good research questions, and providing suggestions. • Co-authorship makes friends! But never put a name without asking!

33. THANK YOU…..