By: Ar. Anoop Kumar Sharma Asst. Professor Department of Architecture & Landscape Design

1. By: Ar. Anoop Kumar Sharma Asst. Professor Department of Architecture & Landscape Design Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra Jammu & Kashmir-India Email: anoop.sharma@smvdu.ac.in Ph: +91-9018903777

2. CLIMATIC ZONE: COLD AND CLOUDY REGION (COLD AND SUNNY ALSO) 2016 BANGKOK INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CIVIL, ARCHITECTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING (CAEE-16)

3. OBJECTIVES OF COLD AND CLOUDY REGION (COLD AND SUNNY ALSO) • RESIST HEAT LOSS • DECREASE EXPOSED SURFACE AREA. • TREES ALSO HELP TO CREATE WIND BARRIERS. • INCREASE THERMAL RESISTANCE. • INCREASE THERMAL CAPACITY (TIME LAG) BY PROVIDING THICKER WALLS. • INCREASE BUFFER SPACES BY PROVIDING AIR LOCKS AND LOBBIES. • DECREASE AIR EXCHANGE RATE. • INCREASE SURFACE ABSORPTIVITY BY PROVIDING DARKER COLOURS INSIDE AS WELL AS OUTSIDE. • PROMOTE HEAT GAIN • REDUCE SHADING ON WALLS AND GLAZED PORTIONS • TRAPPING HEAT BY PROVIDING THERMAL STORAGE MASS LIKE TROMBEWALL, MASS WALL ETC. 2016 BANGKOK INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CIVIL, ARCHITECTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING (CAEE-16)

4. MASS WALL A MASS WALL IS A THERMAL STORAGE MASS ON THE SOUTH-FACING WALL OF CONCRETE OR MASONRY WITH A GLAZED EXTERNAL SURFACE. 2016 BANGKOK INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CIVIL, ARCHITECTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING (CAEE-16)

5. TROMBE WALL A TROMBE WALL IS A VENTILATED MASS WALL WITH OPENINGS AT TOP AND BOTTOM TO ALLOW AIR CIRCULATION TO THE HEATED SPACES. 2016 BANGKOK INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CIVIL, ARCHITECTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING (CAEE-16)

6. HIMACHAL PRADESH STATE CO-OPERATIVE BANK, SHIMLA (COLD AND CLOUDY CLIMATE) Architects: Ashok B. Lal 2016 BANGKOK INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CIVIL, ARCHITECTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING (CAEE-16)

7. SOUTH-FACING HEAT-COLLECTOR WALL WITH A DARK WALL BEHIND. • THE HEATED AIR FROM THE SURFACE OF THIS TROMBE WALL IS DRAWN OUT AT THE TOP OF THE STAIRCASE TOWER AND CONDUCTED THROUGH DUCTS TO THE CENTRAL WORKSPACES. FRONT ELEVATION 2016 BANGKOK INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CIVIL, ARCHITECTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING (CAEE-16)

8. 2016 BANGKOK INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CIVIL, ARCHITECTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING (CAEE-16)

9. ROOF-BASED AIR HEATING SYSTEM 2016 BANGKOK INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CIVIL, ARCHITECTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING (CAEE-16)

10. COMPOSITE REGIONAL CENTRE, SRINAGAR (J&K) (COLD AND CLOUDY CLIMATE) Architects: Saakaar Foundation 2016 BANGKOK INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CIVIL, ARCHITECTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING (CAEE-16)

11. SLOPING ROOF IS PROVIDED TO COPE WITH THE CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF THE VALLEY. • THICK WALLS TO PROVIDE THERMAL MASS. COMPOSITE REGIONAL CENTRE, SRINAGAR (J & K) 2016 BANGKOK INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CIVIL, ARCHITECTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING (CAEE-16)

12. COMPOSITE REGIONAL CENTRE, SRINAGAR (J & K) 2016 BANGKOK INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CIVIL, ARCHITECTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING (CAEE-16)

13. Poly Carbonate Sheet SECTION • MODERN ECO-FRIENDLY STRUCTURE. • THE TWIN-WALL SHEET GIVES EXCELLENT THERMAL INSULATING VALUES WHILE BLOCKING UV TRANSMISSION. COMPOSITE REGIONAL CENTRE, SRINAGAR (J & K) 2016 BANGKOK INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CIVIL, ARCHITECTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING (CAEE-16)

14. Students' Educational and Cultural Movement of Ladakh (SECMOL) was founded in 1988 to reform the educational system in Ladakh. Built using simple, low-cost traditional techniques, the campus comprises three residential houses, 20 small 'cell rooms' and a large school building, all solar heated. More than a thousand trees are planted with in house vegetable garden. SECMOL-LEH (JAMMU AND KASHMIR) 2016 BANGKOK INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CIVIL, ARCHITECTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING (CAEE-16)

15. Longer face of the building is facing south, with envelope of glass façade on both floors to collect maximum heat during the day. SECMOL-LEH (JAMMU AND KASHMIR) 2016 BANGKOK INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CIVIL, ARCHITECTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING (CAEE-16)

16. The bathing block has eight private showers, solar heated water supply, and large sinks for washing. Traditional Ladakhi-style dry composting toilets use no water (important in this desert climate) are built adjacent to the bathing block, and the manure is useful for fertilizing the fields and trees. Plastic covering generate greenhouse process to grow vegetables and flowers in Ladakhi winters making it self reliant in food. These plastic sheets stay rolled up in summers to prevent overheating. The solar heated bathing block is covered with a plastic greenhouse in winter. The vegetable garden produces vegetables even in winter. SECMOL-LEH (JAMMU AND KASHMIR) 2016 BANGKOK INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CIVIL, ARCHITECTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING (CAEE-16)

17. Completely solar powered using solar electricity for all our electrical and pumping needs. The campus has two solar cookers and a low cost water heater for bathing. Campus buildings depends on passive solar heating to keep warm even in the coldest months of winter. Panels generate electricity for lighting, computers and TVs. On sunny days one can even use carpentry and soldering tools. These also power pumps to lift water from the Indus for irrigation of fields and trees. The solar batteries stores power to run for three days. Solar water heater from basic materials aluminum sheet painted black, plastic sheet & frame. SECMOL-LEH (JAMMU AND KASHMIR) 2016 BANGKOK INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CIVIL, ARCHITECTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING (CAEE-16)

18. Solar cooker is a large parabolic reflector made of household mirrors, that focuses the rays of the sun to a secondary reflector under big pots inside the kitchen. This very efficient design gives energy equal to a large gas burner, and saves a lot of money while preserving the environment. SECMOL-LEH (JAMMU AND KASHMIR) 2016 BANGKOK INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CIVIL, ARCHITECTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING (CAEE-16)

19. Buildings is constructed three feet below the ground level on the north side. The building benefits from the stability of earth’s temperature at that depth, which is relatively warm in winter and cool in summer. The three feet of earth dig out ultimately becomes the walls of the building. The wood waste generated during the construction is filled in the ceiling to stop heat loss through the roof. The earth walls are very thick, essential function as heat bank (thermal mass). Wood waste such as saw dust, wood shavings and paper acts as insulation material SECMOL-LEH (JAMMU AND KASHMIR) 2016 BANGKOK INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CIVIL, ARCHITECTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING (CAEE-16)

20. The outer walls are insulated by erecting another wall with a six inch gap between the two walls which is filled with low cost insulation: saw dust, wood shavings or sometimes paper and plastic bottles, bags. Cow dung as an insulating plaster. Mixed with the right amount of earth and clay, it makes a strong and thermally effective plaster. Floor absorbs the excess heat during the day and releases it during the night. External finish – cow dung plaster. SECMOL-LEH (JAMMU AND KASHMIR) 2016 BANGKOK INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CIVIL, ARCHITECTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING (CAEE-16)

21. Located in one of the toughest zone of India, climatic wise which is disconnected from rest of the world for 7-8 months a year. • Double Storey building with 12 double rooms. LEDEG (Ladakh Ecological Development Group) TRAINEE’s HOSTEL, LEH 2016 BANGKOK INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CIVIL, ARCHITECTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING (CAEE-16)

22. PLAN • The 12 bed rooms and the laundry and study rooms all have large south exposure for winter heat gain with no overhang. • All winter heating has been met by south exposure. LEDEG (Ladakh Ecological Development Group) TRAINEE’s HOSTEL, LEH 2016 BANGKOK INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CIVIL, ARCHITECTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING (CAEE-16)

23. Solarium: • The center of the building is a south approached air-locked entrance leading to the study room. • These spaces are used at daytime only , they are heated by south glazing tilted at 60 degree to the horizontal. • The directly gained solar heat is stored in mass of the building and the warmth can remain few hours after sundown. LEDEG (Ladakh Ecological Development Group) TRAINEE’s HOSTEL, LEH 2016 BANGKOK INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CIVIL, ARCHITECTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING (CAEE-16)

24. Trombe wall: • The bedrooms have been provided with a mix of windows and glazed walls. • Some of these are Trombe wall design with vents for convective loop formation. • These mass walls are made of rubble (ground floor) and adobe (first floor). LEDEG (Ladakh Ecological Development Group) TRAINEE’s HOSTEL, LEH 2016 BANGKOK INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CIVIL, ARCHITECTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING (CAEE-16)

25. The complex has been designed to meet the requirements for a small airfield in the remote region of kargil. • Facilities are provided for the arrival &departure lounge, waiting hall, office and V.I.P. Lounge. EASTERN ELEVATION OF AIRPORT HOUSING AT KARGIL • The 500 mm thick composite walls (300mm stone outer outer venner+50mm, insulation +150mm hollow blocks) increase the thermal lag and insulate the interior from harsh outdoor environment. AIRPORT AND STAFF HOUSING, KARGIL (JAMMU & KASHMIR) 2016 BANGKOK INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CIVIL, ARCHITECTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING (CAEE-16)

26. Insulation:- Maximum solar space is achieved by large double glazed surface on the south facing. • Passive solar feature:- • The building has been designed for max. Solar penetration in all spaces during critical periods. • The building has been optimized for uniform and glare free light distribution in the office areas. Earth berming:- The waiting hall and earth berming on the east face further act as insulation buffers. GROUND FLOOR PLAN AIRPORT AND STAFF HOUSING, KARGIL (JAMMU & KASHMIR) 2016 BANGKOK INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CIVIL, ARCHITECTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING (CAEE-16)

27. COMPLEX DESIGN TO RECEIVE DEEP PENETRATION OF DAY LIGHT AND SOLAR RADIATION IN WINTER SEASON ROOF DETAILS:-The Clear Storey Glazing At Roof Lvl. On The South Max. The Heat Gain And Daylight To All Inner Spaces.The Roof Angle Has Been Designed To Prevent Mutual Shading During Critical Periods.The Building Is Innovative Articulation Of Local Material( Stone, Mud, Wood) With Modern Materials (R.C.C., Steel, Glass Etc.) AIRPORT AND STAFF HOUSING, KARGIL (JAMMU & KASHMIR) 2016 BANGKOK INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CIVIL, ARCHITECTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING (CAEE-16)

28. 1- Introduction 2- Research problem 3-Aim 4- Methodology 5- Content 6- Results and recommendations Climatically India is devided into five different types of zones. Each zone has its own guidelines for designing buildings in that particular region. Practical approach to design has been discussed in this presentation. Since buildings consume a major share of energy in their construction use and maintenance, and construction is not going to be stopped any way, so it is the foremost duty of all architects to design their projects to save energy. It will help us in saving our environment and thereby mother earth for future generations. 2016 BANGKOK INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CIVIL, ARCHITECTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING (CAEE-16)

29. THANK YOU