Introduction to Programming

1. Introduction to Programming Lecture 22 Review

2. Bit wise Manipulation and Assignment Operator

3. a = a + 1 ; a += 1 ;

4. Bit Manipulation Operators &= Bitwise AND Assignment Operator |= Bitwise OR Assignment Operator ^= Bitwise Exclusive OR Assignment Operator

5. Assignment Operator a &= b ; Same as a = a & b ;

6. Assignment Operator a |= b ; Same as a = a | b ;

7. Assignment Operator a ^= b ; Same as a = a ^ b ;

8. Design Recipes • Analyze a problem statement, typically expressed as a word problem • Express its essence, abstractly and with examples • Formulatestatements and comments in a precise language • Evaluate and revise the activities in the light of checks and tests. • PAY ATTENTION TO DETAIL

9. Variables

10. Symbolic Names x i BasicPay HouseRent

11. Data types • Whole numbers: • int, short, long, unsigned • Real Numbers (with decimal points) • float, double • Character data • char

12. int = 4 bytes char = 1 byte

13. ASCII Table

14. ArraysCollection of same data types

15. Arithmetic Operators Plus + Minus - Multiply * Divide / Modulus %

16. Modulus Operator a % b ; 7 % 2 = 1 ; 100 % 20 = 0 ;

17. Compound Arithmetic Operators += -= *= /= %=

18. Compound Arithmetic Operators a = a + b ; a += b ;

19. Logical Operators AND && OR ||

20. Comparison Operators a < b ; a <= b ; a == b ; a >= b ; a > b ;

21. a = b;

22. if ( a = b ) //Wrong //Logical Error

23. a > b ; a >= b ;

24. Bit wise Operators Bit wise AND & (Binary) Bit wise OR | (Binary) Bit wise Exclusive OR ^ (Binary) NOT ~ (unary)

25. Sequential Construct • Decision Construct • Loop Construct

26. If-statement if ( condition ) { statement ( s ) ; }

27. If-else if ( condition ) { statement ( s ) ; } else { statement ( s ) ; }

28. if ( a > b && c < d )

29. Nested if statements

30. if ( condition ) { statement ( s ) ; if ( condition ) { statement ( s ) ; } statement ( s ) ; }

31. While Loops while ( a > b ) { statement ( s ) ; }

32. While Loops While loop executes zero or more times

33. Do - while do { statement ( s ) ; } while ( condition ) ;

34. Do - while Do-while loop executes one or more times

35. For Loops for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i ++ ; ) { statement ( s ) ; }

36. i = i + 1 ; • i += 1 ; • i ++ ;

37. Switch Statement

38. break ; • continue ;

39. Functions

40. Call by value • Call by reference

41. Arrays

42. Arrays int a [ 10 ] ; a [ 0 ] ; : a [ 9 ] ;

43. Pointers

44. Pointers Memory address of a variable is stored inside a pointer

45. Files and their Input / Output systems