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Chap 4 – Implement VTP Learning Objectives

Chap 4 – Implement VTP Learning Objectives. Explain the role of VTP in a converged switched network Describe the operation of VTP: VTP domains, VTP Modes, VTP Advertisements, and VTP Pruning. Configure VTP on the switches in a converged network. VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP).

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Chap 4 – Implement VTP Learning Objectives

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  1. Chap 4 – Implement VTP Learning Objectives • Explain the role of VTP in a converged switched network • Describe the operation of VTP: VTP domains, VTP Modes, VTP Advertisements, and VTP Pruning. • Configure VTP on the switches in a converged network.

  2. VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) Before discussing VTP, it is important to understand that VTP is not necessary in order to configure VLANs or Trunking on Cisco Switches. • VTP is a Cisco proprietary protocol that allows VLAN configuration to be consistently maintained across a common administrative domain. • VTP minimises the possible configuration inconsistencies that arise when changes are made. • Additionally, VTP reduces the complexity of managing and monitoring VLAN networks, allowing changes on one switch to be propagated to other switches via VTP. • On most Cisco switches, VTP is running and has certain defaults already configured.

  3. VTP Operation 1. Create VLAN 40 on S1 – VTP server • VTP allows a network manager to makes changes on a switch that is configured as a VTP server. The VTP server distributes and synchronizes VLAN information to VTP-enabled switches throughout the switched network, S1 VLAN 40 PC4 172.17.10.24/24 PC1 172.17.10.21/24 Fa0/1 Fa0/2 Fa0/11 Fa0/11 S2 S3 Fa0/2 Fa0/1 Fa0/18 Fa0/18 PC5 172.17.20.25/24 PC2 172.17.20.22/24 VLAN 40 Fa0/6 Fa0/6 2. VTP propagates VLAN 40 to S2 & S3 – VTP clients PC6 172.17.30.26/24 PC3 172.17.30.23/24 VTP stores VLAN configurations in the VLAN database called vlan.dat.

  4. VTP Components • VTP Domain - consists of one or more interconnected switches. All switches in a domain share VLAN configuration details using VTP advertisements. A router or Layer 3 switch defines the boundary of each domain. • VTP Advertisements - used to distribute and synchronize VLAN configurations across the network. • VTP Modes - a switch can be configured in one of three modes: server, client, or transparent. • VTP Server - store the VLAN information for the entire domain in NVRAM. The server is where VLAN can created, deleted, or renamed for the domain. • VTP Client - VTP clients function the same way as VTP servers, but you cannot create, change, or delete VLANs on a VTP client. A VTP client only stores the VLAN information for the entire domain while the switch is on. A switch reset deletes the VLAN information. • VTP Transparent - forwards VTP advertisements to VTP clients and VTP servers, but do not participate in VTP. VLANs that are created, renamed, or deleted on transparent switches are local to that switch only. • VTP Pruning - VTP pruning increases network available bandwidth by restricting flooded traffic to those trunk links that the traffic must use to reach the destination devices.

  5. Default VTP Configuration Sh vtp status

  6. cisco2 cisco1 S1 S2 S3 VTP Domains • VTP allows separation of a network into smaller management domains to help reduce VLAN management • Until the VTP domain name is specified, VLANs cannot be created or modified on a VTP server, and VLAN information is not propagated over the network. S4 S5 S6

  7. VTP Domain Name Propagation • The network manager configures the VTP domain name as cisco2 on the VTP server switch S1. • The VTP server sends out a VTP advertisement with the new domain name embedded inside. • The S2 and S3 VTP client switches update their VTP configuration to the new domain name. cisco2 S1 Server Null0 cisco2 VTP Advert VTP Advert S2 S3 Client Client Null0 Null0 cisco2 cisco2

  8. VTP Frame Structure • A VTP frame consists of a header field and a message field. The VTP information is inserted into the data field of an Ethernet frame. The Ethernet frame is then encapsulated as a 802.1Q trunk frame (or ISL frame). • Each switch in the domain sends periodic advertisements out each trunk port to a reserved multicast address. These advertisements are received by neighboring switches, which update their VTP and VLAN configurations as necessary.

  9. VTP Revision Number • The configuration revision number is a 32-bit number that indicates the level of revision for a VTP frame. • The default configuration number for a switch is zero. • Each time a VLAN is added or removed, the configuration revision number is incremented. Each VTP device tracks the VTP configuration revision number that is assigned to it. • Note: A VTP domain name change does not increment the revision number. Instead, it resets the revision number to zero.

  10. VTP Message Types • Server and client switches issue summary advertisements every 5 minutes. Servers inform neighbor switches what they believe to be the current VTP revision number • Clients request VLAN information from servers using the advertisement request. • Subset advertisements contain detailed information about VLANs and are sent by servers in response to an advertisement request from a client.

  11. VTP Operation - Server • VTP servers can create, modify, delete VLAN and VLAN configuration parameters for the entire domain. • VTP servers save VLAN configuration information in the switch NVRAM. • VTP servers send VTP messages out to all trunk ports.

  12. VTP Operation - Client • VTP clients cannot create, modify, or delete VLAN information. • The only role of VTP clients is to process VLAN changes and send VTP messages out all trunk ports. • The VTP client maintains a full list of all VLANs within the VTP domain, but it does not store the information in NVRAM. • Any changes made must be received from a VTP server advertisement.

  13. VTP Operation - Transparent • Switches in VTP transparent mode forward VTP advertisements but ignore information contained in the message. • A transparent switch will not modify its database when updates are received, nor will the switch send out an update indicating a change in its own VLAN status. • Except for forwarding VTP advertisements, VTP is disabled on a transparent switch. • There is also an “off” VTP mode in which switches behave the same as in the VTP transparent mode, except VTP advertisements are not forwarded.

  14. VTP Pruning • VTP pruning prevents unnecessary flooding of broadcast information from one VLAN across all trunks in a VTP domain. • VTP pruning permits switches to negotiate which VLANs are assigned to ports at the other end of a trunk and, hence, prune the VLANs that are not assigned to ports on the remote switch. • Pruning is disabled by default. VTP pruning is enabled using the vtp pruning global configuration command on the VTP Server. S1 PC4 VLAN 20 PC1 VLAN 10 Fa0/1 Fa0/2 Fa0/11 Fa0/11 S2 S3 Fa0/2 Fa0/1 Fa0/18 Fa0/18 PC5 VLAN 20 PC2 VLAN 20 Fa0/6 Fa0/6 PC6 VLAN 20 PC3 VLAN 10

  15. VTP Pruning Enabled S2 will no longer send VLAN 10 broadcasts out of Fa0/1 S1 PC4 VLAN 20 PC1 VLAN 10 Fa0/1 Fa0/2 Fa0/11 Fa0/11 S2 S3 Fa0/2 Fa0/1 Fa0/18 Fa0/18 PC5 VLAN 20 PC2 VLAN 20 Fa0/6 Fa0/6 PC6 VLAN 20 PC3 VLAN 10

  16. VTP Server Configuration 1. Check VTP revision number, mode, domain name (Use reset vtp command to zeroise revision number) Server S1 PC1 VLAN 10 Fa0/1 Fa0/11 S2 Fa0/2 Fa0/1 Fa0/18 PC2 VLAN 20 Client Fa0/6 2. Use vtp domain command to configure domain name as ‘cisco1’ PC3 VLAN 30

  17. VTP Server Configuration 3. Use vtp version command to set VTP version (VTP 1 and VTP are not compatible) Server S1 PC1 VLAN 10 Fa0/1 Fa0/11 S2 Fa0/2 Fa0/1 Fa0/18 PC2 VLAN 20 Client Fa0/6 4. Add VLANs, activate Fa0/1 trunk PC3 VLAN 30

  18. VTP Client Configuration 1. Check VTP revision number, mode, domain name (Use reset vtp command to zeroise revision number) Server S1 PC1 VLAN 10 Fa0/1 Fa0/11 S2 Fa0/2 Fa0/1 Fa0/18 PC2 VLAN 20 2. Use vtp mode client command to configure S2 as a client Client Fa0/6 PC3 VLAN 30

  19. VTP Client Configuration 3. Check status of trunk and VTP parameters Server S1 PC1 VLAN 10 Fa0/1 Fa0/11 S2 Fa0/2 Fa0/1 Fa0/18 PC2 VLAN 20 Client Fa0/6 3. Connect trunk cabling, Check VTP advertisements being exchanged PC3 VLAN 30

  20. Troubleshooting VTP • Incompatible VTP Versions - VTP versions 1 and 2 are incompatible with each other. Modern Cisco Catalyst switches, such as the 2960, are configured to use VTP version 1 by default. • VTP Password Issues - When using a VTP password to control participation in the VTP domain, ensure that the password is set correctly on all switches in the VTP domain. • Incorrect VTP Domain Name - The VTP domain name is a key parameter that is set on a switch. An improperly configured VTP domain affects VLAN synchronization between switches. To avoid incorrectly configuring a VTP domain name, only set the VTP domain name on one VTP server switch. • All Switches Set to VTP Client Mode - lose all ability to create, delete, and manage VLANs within a network. To avoid losing all VLAN configurations in a VTP domain, configure a second switch in the same domain as a VTP server.

  21. Any Questions?

  22. Chapter 4.4.1 – Basic VTP Config Lab Topology S1 PC4 172.17.10.24/24 PC1 172.17.10.21/24 Fa0/1 Fa0/2 Fa0/11 Fa0/11 S2 S3 Fa0/2 Fa0/1 Fa0/18 Fa0/18 PC5 172.17.20.25/24 PC2 172.17.20.22/24 Fa0/6 Fa0/6 PC6 172.17.30.26/24 PC3 172.17.30.23/24

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