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Prompt #6

Prompt #6. In your lifetime, you have lived through two wars. What kinds of things have you/anyone you know had to change or consider?. War Productions Board (1942). War + Depression  slowed production in Allied countries War Productions Board Converted peacetime industries to wartime

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Prompt #6

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  1. Prompt #6 • In your lifetime, you have lived through two wars. What kinds of things have you/anyone you know had to change or consider?

  2. War Productions Board (1942) • War + Depression  slowed production in Allied countries • War Productions Board • Converted peacetime industries to wartime • Ex: cars, lawn mowers, bird cages, etc.  weapons, bombers, etc.

  3. Office of War Mobilization (1943) • Supervised the use of resources for war production • James Byrnes – a lot of power • Factories switch • Ford built a new factory to make bombers • Liberty ships • Built in 40 days vs. 200

  4. Production Increases • “Cost plus” system—gov’t pays cost of production plus a small profit to businesses • 1944—produced double what all Axis countries produced • 300,00 planes, 80,000 landing craft, 100,000 tanks, 6 million rifles, carbines and machine guns and 41 billion rounds of ammunition

  5. War Time Work Force • Unemployment almost vanished • Wages rose 50% • Union membership rose • Financing the War • Higher taxes pay for about 41% of war • Bank loans, private investors, war bonds • National debt: $43 billion (1940) to $259 billion (1945)

  6. Wartime Economy

  7. Daily Life on Home Front • Shortages and Controls • More jobs, but couldn’t buy certain things • Ex: metal for zippers used for weapons; nylons used for parachutes

  8. Food Rationing and Shortages • Shipping lanes cut off for sugar, tropical fruit, coffee • Ration books  certain points for certain goods (sugar, butter, coffee) • Needed ration points AND cash to buy goods • Gas rationed  “Is this trip really necessary?”

  9. Public Support • Office of War Information (1942) • Victory gardens • 1/3 of country’s produce • Grown anywhere (back yards or parking lots) • Blackouts (bombing raid drills) = draw down shades • Collections for recyclable material (tin cans, razor blades, shovels, lipstick tubes) • “Use it up, wear it out, make it do or do without”

  10. Propaganda Activity What is propaganda? What is the purpose of propaganda?

  11. MAN THE GUNS!

  12. POSTERS: GROUP A • Pictures of powerful men and mighty machines illustrated America's ability to channel its strength into the war effort. • American muscle was presented in a proud display of national confidence.

  13. IT’S A WOMEN’S WAR, TOO!

  14. POSTERS: GROUP B • In the face of wartime labor shortages, women were needed in the defense industries, the civilian service, and even the Armed Forces. • Whether fulfilling their duty in the home, factory, office, or military, women were portrayed as attractive confident, and resolved to do their part to win the war.

  15. UNITED WE WIN

  16. POSTERS: GROUP C • During World War II, racial restriction and segregation were facts of life in the U.S. military. • Nevertheless, an overwhelming majority of African Americans participated wholeheartedly in the fight against the Axis powers.

  17. USE IT UP, WEAR IT OUT

  18. POSTERS: GROUP D • Government publicity reminded people that shortages of these materials occurred because they were going to the troops, and that civilians should take part in conservation and salvage campaigns.

  19. FOUR FREEDOMS

  20. POSTERS: GROUP E • The Four Freedoms speech by FDR inspired illustrator Norman Rockwell. He created a series of paintings on the "Four Freedoms" theme. • The paintings served as the centerpiece of a massive U.S. war bond drive and were put into service to help explain the war`s aims.

  21. WARNING! OUR HOMES ARE IN DANGER, NOW!

  22. POSTERS: GROUP F • The posters shown here played on the public's fearof the enemy. • The images show Americans in immediate danger such as with their backs against the wall, living in the shadow of Axis domination.

  23. THIS IS NAZI BRUTALITY

  24. POSTERS: GROUP G • The images here were composed to foster fear. • Implicit in these posters is the idea that what happened there could happen here.

  25. HE’S WATCHING YOU

  26. POSTERS: GROUP H • "Careless talk" posters warned people that small snippets of information regarding troop movements or other logistical details would be useful to the enemy.

  27. THE MEANING OF SACRIFICE

  28. POSTERS: GROUP I • The Government promoted messages that reminded civilian America of the suffering and sacrifices that were being made by its Armed Forces overseas.

  29. STAMP ‘EM OUT!

  30. POSTERS: GROUP J • Symbolic and humorous posters were not considered the most effective propaganda, however some were judged to be outstanding in promoting national messages.

  31. Mobilizing the Armed Forces

  32. Selective Service Act- The Draft

  33. Mobilizing the Armed Forces • Selective Training and Service Act • Required men from 21-36 to register for the draft • Selected a small pool to serve 1 year in the army

  34. GI’s • The GI war • GI’s = “Government Issue” • Soldiers, sailors, aviators (over 16 million)

  35. Native Americans • “Code Talkers” — Native Americans who acted as radio operators and used their own language for a secret code

  36. African Americans • First just supportive roles • Casualties increased  gov’t allowed them to fight in their own separate unit • Tuskegee Airmen • Double V campaign (1942-1943) • Eventually fought in same units as whites

  37. Women • Women worked in all aspects except combat • Industrial jobs, manufacturing weapons, nursing, and intelligence

  38. Prompt #7 • What changes did entering WWII result in for the United States? Need at least 3.

  39. Draft Activity

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