Introduction

1. Formalizing Motivational Patterns based on Colors and their Cultural Meanings for Developing Web Applications Advanced Interaction Laboratory Introduction Using colors from common sense to classify objects, actions and emotions Collaborative work via Web tends to increase due to professionals' teams separated by distance and time, demanding more effort and stronger commitment from each person. It is noticed that many times the collaborative work via Web is not effective, generating lack of motivation and no engagement, few effective collaboration and no commitment with the results. It should be considered the cultural differences among the team’s members, what interfere on each individual's performance, misunderstanding the task (for instance, the adopted vocabulary) and not motivating to reach the goals (for instance, how the environment looks). This research aims at discussing the process of Motivational Pattern formalizing using common sense knowledge to associate the appropriate colors for the environment to the emotions that these colors can provoke people into engaging, culturally motivating people through significant and appropriate colors in the collaborative environment To analyze the information these templates collect it is being done a classification of emotions, actions and objects. Figure 5 shows an example with the red color, where the square shows the color to be analyzed. The list of emotions that red evokes in people is show in the left ellipse. In the back ellipse, the actions that people are willing to perform when they see the red color. The right ellipse brings the objects related to the red color. See http://www.dc.ufscar.br/~ana_dias/esquema.html for all colors analyzed. Common Sense Knowledge and cultural values Common Sense is defined here as a group of facts known by most people, “including a wide part of human experiences, knowledge on special, physical, social, temporary and psychological aspects involving daily experiences of humans” [1]. OMCS-Br Project (http://www.sensocomum.ufscar.br) has been collected information about what people think of certain colors, what they remember when they see a certain color, or which color people associate with certain concepts presented. Currently, there are eight templates used on OMCS-Br Project for to collect data of common sense on colors, objects and emotions. Figure 2. Red color associated to emotions, actions and objects Steps for Motivational Patterns Formalization based on Colors • To accomplish Motivational Pattern formalization, some steps will be followed: • Identify of the appealing problems: lack of motivation, little engagement of the team, little effective collaboration, absence of commitment with the results. • Identify the objectives to be reached: efficient work in group, team working supported by computer, faster communication without fixed time, potential agility in tasks accomplishment. • Identify in common sense knowledge base the association between colors and emotions, reactions and objects. • Work with the color specialist Prof. Luciana Marta Silveira to, based on what is registered in the common sense knowledge base, identify the successful solutions based on colors considering the methodology previously formalized by the authors , to the problems found in Step 1. • Formalize and write the Motivational Patterns. • Develop a study case with the “proto-patterns”. • Submit the Motivational Patterns to the specialists' community to validate them. Table 1. Templates of common sense knowledge collecting related the colors, objects and emotions According to templates in Table 1, it is observed that there are three tables in the database, a table to stores complete sentences entered by the site (Table entries), a table for emotions (Table emotion), another for names of the colors (Table colors) being the images of colors generated randomly in a HTML sequence. The outstanding words with capital letters are typed by the users and feedback in other templates, the underlined words are the words originated from of other templates and the words in italic are generated randomly. Figure 1. Example of feedback in Templates Conclusion Figure 1 shows common sense knowledge is collected and used in the process of Motivational Pattern formalization here presented. In order to know how the data organization will be done so that they can be usable, next Section will discuss colors and emotions. In the literature, there still are few Motivational Patterns to help developers to create Web projects to support the team that work collaboratively. However, the research on Motivational Patterns have been increased due to the developers concern, to maintain the user committed to the Web solution presented to them in doing their tasks [4]. Those patterns, however, don't explore the use of colors in the Web project, not even the cultural aspects of the users' community. The individual motivation and engagement in the work through Web can be stimulated applying color to the computational environment project. In the context of Web application, it will be investigate the meaning of colors in cultural terms for people in general, in order to provide suitable incentive to visitors to Web sites for collaborative work, considering their objectives and motivation. Colors and Emotions Colors evoke emotions, also can communicate messages or transmit concepts. It is important to stand out that in any culture, colors can transmit good or bad meanings. Some authors [2], [3] mention some meanings for colors in the western culture: Yellow (color for light and heat, for sun and summer, it is associated to prosperity and wealth); Blue (favorite color of more than half of the western population, color of water, sky and sea).According to the samples in Table 2, blue color is related to water by most people. References [1] Anacleto, J. C.; Lieberman, H.; Tsutsumi, M.; Neris, V. P. A.; Carvalho, A. F. P.; Espinosa, J.; Zem-Mascarenhas, S. H.; Godoi, M. S. “Can Common Sense uncover cultural differences in computer applications?”. In: IFIP WCC - Artificial Intelligence in Theory and Practice. Santiago. NY: Springer-Verlag, v.217, 2006. [2] Berlin, B. & Kay, P. (1969). Basic Color Terms. Berkeley: University of California Press. [3] Pastoreau, M. Dicionário das cores do nosso tempo.Lisboa:Ed Estampa,1997. [4] Schummer, T.; Lukosch, S. Patterns for Computer-Mediated Interaction. John Wiley & Sons, 2007. ISBN: 978-0470025611. Table 2. Examples of sentences collected by OMCS-Br Project Starting from that list of meanings on colors, it is noticed the need for integration between colors and emotions in order to support the patterns to be formalized. The next subsections present colors in the Web context and the importance of considering emotions. Ana Luiza Dias¹, Junia C. Anacleto¹, Luciana M. Silveira², Rosângela Ap. D. Penteado¹ ¹ Department of Computer Science - Federal University of São Carlos - Brazil ² Department of Technology - Technological University of Paraná - Brazil {ana_dias, junia, rosangel}@dc.ufscar.br; martha@utfpr.edu.br