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On the Phenology of North Sea Ichthyoplankton

On the Phenology of North Sea Ichthyoplankton Wulf Greve*#, Sabine Prinage*, Heike Zidowitz*, Jutta Nast# and Frank Reiners# *German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research (FIS) and # Federal Agency for Shipping and Hydrography of Germany (BSH) , Notkestr. 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany.

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On the Phenology of North Sea Ichthyoplankton

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  1. On the Phenology of North Sea Ichthyoplankton Wulf Greve*#, Sabine Prinage*, Heike Zidowitz*, Jutta Nast# and Frank Reiners# *German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research (FIS) and #Federal Agency for Shipping and Hydrography of Germany (BSH) , Notkestr. 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany Phenology is the study of the timing of recurrent synchronised biological processes Spawning, plankton blooms, animal migrations are examples for such seasonal events Phenology requires many years of frequent observations These are available from the only off-shore North Sea island Helgoland

  2. Correlation coefficient r= -0,88 Correlation coefficient r= -0,80 START OF SEASON Correlation coefficient r= -0,95 Correlation coefficient r= -0,78 Correlation coefficient r= -0,78 Correlation coefficient r= -0,78 END OF SEASON

  3. PHENOLOGY IS AN ESTABLISHED TERRESTRIAL MANAGEMENT TOOL Example: Timing of the start of season in apple blossom in a cold (A) and a warm (B) year, from DWD, unpublished

  4. The physiologically important relative temperature variance in winter exceeds the summer values

  5. The example: annual dynamics of the larvae of the common sole Solea solea

  6. The definition of phenophases:

  7. 10 weeks

  8. The spawning period of fish is determined by the preceding winter temperatures The deviation of winter temperatures from the long term mean

  9. Operative prognosis on the phenology of North Sea plankton is available under: www.senckenberg.de/dzmb/plankton

  10. Summary: - phenology is applicable in marine ecology - climatic effect recognition and prediction are supported - marine monitoring has to consider quanititative and phenological variance - as in terrestrial phenology a marine phenological observation system will have to include the participation of volunteer observationists and phenological observation sites (e.g. W.M.O. phenological gardens) Expectation: - phenology will become a standard method in marine research

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