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EOCT Day 1 Review

EOCT Day 1 Review. Bonus Project Opportunity – See Handout EOCT CALENDAR If you missed Friday’s test, see me to schedule a makeup Day 1 Review: Science Intro, Chemistry, Cell Parts Cell Phones should not be out. THE STUDY OF Life Animals Heredity Plants Organisms and their environment

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EOCT Day 1 Review

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  1. EOCT Day 1 Review • Bonus Project Opportunity – See Handout • EOCT CALENDAR • If you missed Friday’s test, see me to schedule a makeup • Day 1 Review: Science Intro, Chemistry, Cell Parts • Cell Phones should not be out

  2. THE STUDY OF Life Animals Heredity Plants Organisms and their environment Classification Change over time Biology Zoology Genetics Botany Ecology Taxonomy Evolution

  3. 1. Growth 2. Reproduction 3. Respond to Stimuli 4. DNA (Genetic Code) 5. Metabolism 6. Homeostasis 7. EVOLVE – CHANGE OVER TIME 8. Made of Cells Total energy use (eating, breathing) Maintaining stable internal conditions (body temperature) Characteristics of Living Things

  4. What are the Simplest Levels? • Atom • Molecule • Organelle • Cell – Basic unit of life • Tissue • Organ • System

  5. Organism Populations Same Species in area Communities all living things in an area Ecosystems Biotic + Abiotic Factors Biomes Ecosystems with same climate Biosphere All of Earth’s Biomes ORGANIZATION OF THE BIOSPHERE Bass in pond Bass + duckweed + Turtles + algae in pond Sunlight,H2O, Fish, plants Desert, ocean, rainforest

  6. 1) A testable statement 2) COMPARISON GROUP 3) GROUP BEING TESTED 4) ALL OF THE VARIABLES KEPT THE SAME IN AN EXPERIMENT 5) WHAT IS CHANGED IN AN EXPERIMENT 6) WHAT IS MEASURED 7) Numerical data 8) Descriptive data Hypothesis Control Group Experimental Group Controls/Constants Independent/Manipulated variable Dependent/Responding variable Quantitative Qualitative

  7. Making a Graph From A Data Table Change over time = Line graph Section 1-4 Water Released and Absorbed by Tree Absorbed by Roots (g/h) Released by Leaves (g/h) 20 Water released by leaves Time 15 8 AM 1 2 10 Relative Rates (g/h) 10 AM 5 1 12 12 PM 4 5 2 PM 6 17 Water absorbed by roots 4 PM 9 16 0 6 PM 14 10 8 AM 10 AM 12 PM 2 PM 4 PM 6 PM 8 PM 8 PM 10 3 Time Go to Section:

  8. Bar Graph = For comparison

  9. Parts of a whole = Pie chart

  10. “Fertilizer”Use the graph below to identify the following • 1) Type of graph • 2) Question being examined • 3) Controls/Constants • 4) Control Group • 5) Independent variable • 6) Dependent variable • 7) Conclusion • None • Miracle Grow • K-mart brand

  11. Theory • A broad statement linking together many WELL SUPPORTEDhypotheses • Theory of Evolution • Atomic Theory HOW DOES THE COMMON USE OF THE WORD “THEORY” DIFFER FROM THE SCIENTIFIC DEFINITION?

  12. THE TOOLS OF SCIENCE1. Microscopes a. Compound Light: Uses 2 lenses and light; Can look at living things b. Electron: Uses electrons; Magnification much greater • Organism must be dead

  13. MEASUREMENT • METERSTICK (length) • TRIPLE BEAM BALANCE (mass) • GRADUATED CYLINDER (precise volume) • PIPETTE

  14. Water is a polar molecule  Hydrogen bonds Cohesion and adhesion

  15. The 4 Organic Compounds LIVING THINGS – made of C, H, O, NCARBON IS THE “BACKBONE” OF LIFE

  16. ENZYMES ARE PROTEINS THAT…1) SPEED UP CHEMICAL REACTIONS2) CAN BE USED OVER & OVER3) DON’T WORK IF EXPOSED TO HEAT, COLD OR ACID4) NAME OFTEN ENDS IN –ASE5) Described by the LOCK AND KEY model

  17. What happens as the temperature increases? What happens as the pH increases? What is the optimum temperature and pH at which the enzyme functions best? FACTORS THAT AFFECT ENZYMES

  18. 1) Organic compound that serves as primary energy (sugars) 2) Catalysts in living things 3) Organic compounds that serves as energy reserves (fats) 4) Building blocks of proteins 5) Building blocks of carbs 6) Building blocks of Nucleic Acids 7) Building blocks of fats 8) DNA and RNA Carbohydrates Enzymes Lipids Amino acids Monosaccharides Nucleotides Amino Acids Nucleic Acids EOCT DAY– CHEMISTRY

  19. You and a friend who have never lifted weights before and decide to begin working out together. You believe that increasing your protein intake will cause you to build muscle faster. You work out a controlled experiment with your friend. Over the course of working out for 1 month, your friend maintains his regular diet. You consume 1 protein shake immediately after working out in addition to your regular diet. After 1 month, you have experienced a strength gain of 10 pounds compared to 5 pounds for your friend. Indicate the following. • a) The question you are trying to answer: • b) Your hypothesis: • c) The controlled variables: • d) The independent variable: ____________________ • e) The responding variable: _____________________ • f) The control group: ___________________________ • g) Error analysis: Could your experiment be improved in some way? _________________________________________

  20. TAKE OUT A BLANK SHEET OF PAPER • TITLE IT “EOCT PRACTICE” AND WRITE YOUR NAME • WRITE THE LETTER

  21. 1.Life 2. Animals 3. Heredity 4. Plants 5. Classification 6. Organisms and their environment 7. Change over time 8) A testable statement 9) COMPARISON GROUP 10) GROUP BEING TESTED 11) ALL OF THE VARIABLES KEPT THE SAME IN AN EXPERIMENT 12) WHAT IS CHANGED IN AN EXPERIMENT 13) WHAT IS MEASURED A)Evolution B)Zoology C)Ecology D) Botany E)Genetics F) Taxonomy G) BIOLOGY A)Control Group B)Dependent Variable C)Independent variable D) Controls E) Experimental gROUP F) Hypothesis

  22. NAME THE ORGANIC COMPOUND 14) Primary energy (sugars); Glucose 15) Heredity; DNA and RNA 16) Energy reserves, Cell membrane; (fats) 17)Building blocks of organisms; Enzymes NAME THE MONOMER (BUILDING BLOCKS) OF: 18) Building blocks of proteins 19) Building blocks of carbs 20) Building blocks of Nucleic Acids 21) Building blocks of fats A. CARBOHYDRATES B. FATTY ACIDS C. LIPIDS D. AMINO ACIDS E. NUCLEOTIDES F. NUCLEIC ACIDS G. PROTEINS H. MONOSACCHARIDES EOCT DAY– CHEMISTRY

  23. PASS OUT EOCT REVIEW PACKET

  24. Checkpoint • 1)Correct tests: Ecology • 2) Complete EOCT Packet pg 1 through Chemistry • a) Work ahead on cells if done early • b) Quiz tomorrow (Scientific Method and Chemistry) • 3) Complete any unfinished Ecology Lab (last day) • CELL PHONES ARE NOT ALLOWED TO BE OUT

  25. BIOLOGY – AS YOU ENTER • TAKE EOCT REVIEW QUIZ 1

  26. REVIEW EOCT QUIZ 1 • Phones should be turned off and put away • Topic: Cell structure and function

  27. CELL PARTS PLANT & ANIMAL CELLS

  28. HISTORY OF CELL DISCOVERIES -1665 – ROBERT HOOKE – Named cells -1673 – Anton Van Leeuwenhoek – Examined living cells The CELL THEORY: 1800s 1. ALL LIVING THINGS ARE MADE OF CELLS. (Schleiden and Schwann) 2. CELLS ARE THE BASIC UNIT OF LIFE 3. CELLS COME ONLY FROM OTHER CELLS (Virchow)

  29. 2 KINDS OF CELLS: PROKARYOTES & EUKARYOTES EUKARYOTE – HAS A NUCLEUS& MEMBRANE-BOUND ORGANELLES EX. = PLANTS, ANIMALS PROKARYOTE = NONUCLEUS OR MEMBRANE-BOUND ORGANELLES EX. = BACTERIA

  30. REVIEW OF CELL PARTSHow do plant and animal cells differ? CLICK ON THIS FOR A REVIEW OF THE FUNCTIONS: http://sps.k12.ar.us/massengale/cell_functions.htm

  31. NUCLEUS ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM GOLGI COMPLEX MITOCHONDRIA RIBOSOME LYSOSOME CYTOPLASM CELL MEMBRANE Stores DNA in Eukaryotes; Controls cell activities Cell “Roadways”; Transports materials within the cell; Makes phospholipids and proteins (if rough) “Post-office”; Packages and ships materials out of cell “Powerhouse”; Site of Cell respiration; Produces ATP “Factories”; Produces proteins; Can be free or attached to the ER “Cell stomach”; Digests materials brought into cell Gel-like fluid of the cell Phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins that is selectively permeable REVIEW MATCHING

  32. CELL MEMBRANE (“LIPID BILAYER”) • MADE OF LIPIDS AND PROTEINS • SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE (ONLY LETS CERTAIN THINGS IN & OUT)

  33. DIFFUSION = MOVEMENT OF MOLECULES FROMHIGH CONCENTRATION (MORE MOLECULES) TOLOWCONCENTRATION (LESS MOLECULES) = DIFFUSION OF H20

  34. EFFECTS OF SOLUTIONS ON CELLS – HOW CELLS MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS PURE WATER SALT WATER

  35. EXPLAIN WHAT IS HAPPENING

  36. ACTIVE TRANSPORT = movement of molecules fromLOWtoHIGH concentration HIGH LOW REQUIRES ENERGY

  37. MOVEMENT OF ANY MOLECULE FROM HIGH  LOW CONC Diffusion of Water A SOLUTION THAT HAS MORE SOLUTE and less water THAN THE CELL; What will happen to the cell A SOLUTION THAT HAS LESS SOLUTE (more water) THAN THE CELL What will happen to a cell in this solution A SOLUTION WITH EQUAL CONCENTRATION OF SOLUTE TO THE CELL What will happen to a cell in this solution MOVEMENT FROM LOW  HIGH CONC.; REQUIRES ATP Active transport where a cell consumes large particles or solutes ACTIVE TRANSPORT WHERE A CELL PACKAGES AND RELEASES CELL PRODUCTS Diffusion (passive) Osmosis Hypertonic Cell will shrink Hypotonic Swell Isotonic Stay at equilibrium Active Endocytosis Exocytosis

  38. CELL ENERGY

  39. ATP = ENERGY STORAGE COMPOUND IN CELLS LIKE AN UNCHARGED BATTERY LIKE A CHARGED BATTERY

  40. WHY DO PHOTOSYNTHESIS & RESPIRATION DEPEND ON EACH OTHER? GLUCOSE + ATP

  41. WHICH IS PHOTOSYNTHESIS & WHICH IS CELL RESPIRATION? C6H1206 + O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + 38 ATP In mitochondria PLANTS & ANIMALS DO THIS TO RELEASE ENERGY 6CO2 + 6H2O + LIGHT  C6H1206 + O2 In chloroplasts ONLY PLANTS DO THIS TO STORE ENERGY

  42. OCCURS IN PLANT CELLS OCCURS IN ANIMAL CELLS OCCURS IN THE CHLOROPLAST OCCURS IN THE MITOCHONDRIA 6CO2 + 6 H20 + LIGHT  GLUCOSE +6 O2 GLUCOSE + 6 O2  6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP PHOTOSYNTHESIS CELLULAR RESPIRATION BOTH REVIEW MATCHING

  43. Take out the EOCT practice paper from yesterday

  44. TAKE OUT A HALF sheet of paper • WRITE YOUR NAME • Write only the letter

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