Wednesday!! Tour of the Periodic Table

1. Wednesday!! Tour of the Periodic Table • NEED BOOKS TODAY – GO GET THEM NOW! • Finish talking about lab • Notes: Families/groups/periods • Presentations! Tour of the Periodic Table • Work on presentations of divisions/trends of the periodic table

2. Tour of the Periodic Table Project • Periodic table families! • What are they? & what’s soo special about them!? • Project! • Group will use books to research information on the different families/groups on the periodic table • Alkali Metals, • Alkaline-Earth Metals, • Halogens, • Noble Gases, • Transition Metals, or • Lanthanides/Actinides

3. PERIOD • A horizontal row of elements in the periodic table (there are 7) • Elements in a period are not alike in properties. • Electrons are added one at a time moving from left to right across a period • All members of a period have the same number of occupied energy levels

4. GROUPS/FAMILIES: (Columns) • The vertical (up and down) columns of the periodic table (there are 18) are called groups or families. • Elements in the same group or family have similar characteristics or properties. • All the members of a group have the same number of valence electrons

5. Based on what we observed and know now, which pairs of elements would you expect to behave similarly?

6. Main Group Elements • Elements in the s-block or p-block of the periodic table • Also known as the representative elements • they show the full range of all possible properties an element can have

7. Section 4.2 Project: Families • Work with your group to put together a (mini) presentation on • Alkali Metals, Alkaline-Earth Metals, Halogens, Noble Gases, Transition Metals, or Lanthanides/Actinides • Be sure to include: • The location on the periodic table • Elements that are in that group • The properties that characterize that family as different from others. • Make sure that everyone in the group participates (TALKS) in the presentation.

8. Alkali Metals • Group 1 of the periodic table (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr) • React with water to make alkaline (basic) solutions and hydrogen gas • Stored in oil to keep them from reacting with oxygen or water in the air • Highly reactive, and are therefore not found as pure elements in nature—always found as compounds • Soft metals = can easily be cut with a knife • Conduct electricity

9. Alkaline-Earth Metals • Group 2 of the periodic table (Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra) • Highly reactive, and are therefore not found as pure elements in nature—almost always found as compounds • Slightly less reactive than alkali metals (why?) • Harder than alkali metals • Higher melting points than alkali metals

10. Transition Metals • Groups 3-12 • Also called the d-block elements • Less reactive than the alkali metals or alkaline-earth metals • Good conductors of heat and electricity • Ductile and malleable

11. Halogens • Group 17 of the periodic table (F, Cl, Br, I, At) • Combine with most metals to form salts • Most reactive group of non-metal elements • Have a wide range of physical properties

12. Noble Gases • Group 18 of the periodic table (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn) • Have a full valence shell of electrons • Very stable = very low reactivity • Once called inert gases

13. Bottom 2 Periods of P.T. Lanthanides Actinides Have atomic numbers that follow the element actinium Have nuclear structures that are more important than electron configurations All are radioactive Nucleus breaks apart spontaneously • Have atomic numbers that follow the element lanthanum • Have electrons filling the 4f orbitals • Similar in reactivity to the alkaline-earth metals • Shiny

14. Locations of Families of Elements

15. What about Hydrogen!? • Hydrogen is the most common element in the universe • Estimated that about 3 out of every 4 atoms are hydrogen • Because it consists of only 1 proton and 1 electron, hydrogen is in a class by itself in the periodic table.

16. Metals • Make up about ¾ of elements • Mostly shiny solids at room temperature • (though mercury is a liquid and some metals are not shiny) • Conduct heat and electricity • Malleable (bends without breaking) • Ductile (can be drawn into wires) • Can be mixed to form alloys

17. Alloys • Solid or liquid mixtures of two or more metals • Examples: • Brass—copper and zinc • Bronze—copper and tin • Sterling Silver—silver and usually copper • Steel—iron and carbon • Stainless Steel—iron, carbon, and chromium

18. Non-Metals • Gases or dull, brittle solids at room temperature • Poor conductors of heat and electricity

19. Metalloids (Semi-Metals) • Have properties between metals and nonmetals • Found along the staircase on the periodic table • Include B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te

20. Locations of Types of Elements