CITIES OF THE WORLD

1. CITIES OF THE WORLD LUCERNE AND MELBOURNE By Gillian Bakker

2. History of Lucerne Between the 11th and 13th centuries many new cities in Switzerland were established, such as Berne and Lucerne. The city is located in central Switzerland, at the lower end of Lake Lucerne, boxed in by the Alps. Once they had better access to the city with new bridges and roads it became a hub for traders and travellers. The first evidence of a settlement in where Lucerne would eventually be located was of a church that is now known as St Peters chapel. Around 1220 St Gotthardstrade route was opened. This opened up a new link between the northern parts of Switzerland and northern Italy. Which meant that there was now easy access to the lake side town from all areas. Big shipping boats use Lake Lucerne and the new passes for transporting goods from Italy to Germany. Because Lucerne was the only town on the lake it became an important stop for the ships to store their wares. It became a bustling market place filled with traders and travellers. In 1332 Lucerne joined the towns of Uri, Schwyz and Unterwalden in “the pact of mutual defence” (Swiss confederation) against Austria. In 1415 king Sigismund declared Lucerne a free city. Between 1529 and 1712 Lucerne became a strong power of the catholic fraction in religious disputes.

3. history OF Lucerne cont… • In 1601 a large earthquake shook through Lake Lucerne, triggering a three meter tsunami to over come the town. Lucerne played a key role in the peasants revolt in 1653, in 1841 Lucerne withdrew from the Swiss confederation leading to the Sonderbund War of 1847, a year later Lucerne was brought back into the confederation. In 1859 a railway line from Basel reaches Lucerne, creating a quick and easy way to reach the city from the very large major city of Basel. In the next 50 years after the addition of the rail way, Lucerne’s population boomed and reached 40,000. • The most probable reason for Lucerne’s development is from its location, in central Switzerland, it is in an area that travellers and traders from Italy and other European countries would pass through. It is near a body of water (Lake Lucerne) and is not extremely high in the mountains. Thanks to the St Gotthard pass and St Gotthard Railway in 1881 and the opening of the St Gotthard Expressway road tunnel, the area Lucerne is in became a short cut that Italy used to go through to Germany. The city was able to grow and prosper thanks to all of the business it had from the travellers.

4. History of melbourne • Melbourne like all of the cities in Australia began from British settlers. John Batman a resident of Van Diemen’s Land heard reports of the area around western port having fertile land and plentiful pastures. In early 1835 John Batman came to Port Phillip Bay and “bought” the land on the western shore of Port Phillip Bay from local aboriginal tribes. This purchase though was not concrete, as John believed he had bought the land, and that he now owned it. Whereas the aboriginal tribes believed he had just paid to be able to pass through. A year later Melbourne had begun to grow on the Yarra River. This however was declared an illegal settlement and NSW governor Richard Burke declared that anyone that had settled there (mostly sheep farmers from Van Diemen’s land) to be trespassers as the deal/treaty with the aboriginals was not legitimate. But this time there were over 350 people and 55000 sheep. And the settlement had gained a good reputation for its wool. The settlement remained despite of Richard Burkes wishes. • A major part of Melbourne’s expansion and prosperity came from the Victorian Gold Rush of the 1850’s. Gold was first found in Australia in 1823 in New South Wales. But that was thought of as irrelevant and no one thought anything of it. In 1851 a large marketable gold field was found, and word spread quickly. More tickets to Melbourne were bought than any other city, by British making their way to Victoria to become as wealthy as they could. The amount of people coming to the city made a huge jump in the population of Melbourne. Melbourne became the centre of activities, roads led out from the city to smaller towns in Victoria that were at that point in time drowning its residents with gold. The parts became jammed with ships delivering more and more immigrants. A lot of the gold found made its way back to Britain and by the end of the 1950s 500 million pounds worth of gold had been brought back to it. And with it Britain was able to pay off all of its foreign debts. The gold never really ran out but there began to be less and less found. Some immigrants stayed and settled in the new towns or in the growing city of Melbourne. After the Gold Rush the population of Melbourne was up to 125 000 people. With its new prosperity Melbourne now had a treasury and parliament, solid buildings and regular piped water.

5. History of Melbourne cont… • I the 1880s the city of Melbourne had grown in size and population, it was now bigger than some European capital cities. And its population was around half a million. For the new century, during the wars and the great depression Melbourne was crowded with men and women who were unemployed. But when they came out of it Melbourne became a more stable city and the people were more reasonable and less reckless the opposite to what they were after fun and success of the gold rush. When Melbourne hosted the Olympics in 1956 the city once again was booming, it grew and infrastructure was well developed. The 50’s and 60’s saw a new wave of immigrants, this time mainly European, they filled the city with their culture and ideas and from then Melbourne became what it is close to today

6. Statistics of Lucerne and Melbourne

7. MELBOURNE AND LUCERNE COMPARISON Melbourne and Lucerne are very different from each other. Melbourne is a relatively new city where as Lucerne has a long history like most European cities. Lucerne is found in central Switzerland on the continent of Europe, in the northern hemisphere. Melbourne is the capital of Victoria in the country and continent of Australia. Lucerne is not a very big city, and Melbourne is significantly bigger and better known. Melbourne's size in km2 is only slightly bigger than Lucerne's. Melbourne's population is also huge compared to Lucerne's. Inner Melbourne has a very high population density, four times bigger than Lucerne's. The city of Melbourne is filled with a lot of people and accommodates them all. Lucerne has more space and open areas, as well as having no tall building that are found in Melbourne. Lucerne is more of a large town then a major city. Lucerne is located in the Swiss Alps and so has a very altitude, whereas Melbourne is very low and loses to sea level. The national GDP for Switzerland is much smaller than the GDP of Australia. But per capita Switzerland is marginally higher than Australia. The language most spoken in Melbourne is English, but in Lucerne they speak a few languages such as German and Swiss German, as well as English. They both have significant natural landmarks and manmade landmarks. Both of these cities are unique and have different positives and negatives to both. The city of Lucerne is beautifully picturesque with its large lake and old buildings. Melbourne doesn’t have old buildings or a very long history, and Lucerne has a complete different culture than what we have in Melbourne. Melbourne in its self is very multicultural and has influences from cultures all over the world, as well as strong European influences. Lucerne has different laws and police force. It is regarded as one of the tourism capitals of Switzerland. Lots of visitors come to Lucerne all around the year for the beauty and its location. Melbourne is a sporting capital and has many large and modern sports stadiums, Lucerne is more quiet and low key. And very tranquil. Lucerne would be a fantastic place to live, because of the beauty, culture and location. It has a history that Melbourne doesn’t and has more space available (is less crowded)

8. LUCERNE CHAPEL BRIDGE

9. EUREKA TOWER MELBOURNE YARRA RIVER

10. LUCERNE

11. MELBOURNE THE YARRA RIVER

12. LUCERNE

13. LUCERNE CABLE CART TO THE TOP OF THE MOUNTAIN OVER LOOKING LAKE LUCERNE

14. LUCERNE ME AND MY FAMILY ON LAKE LUCERNE

15. MELBOURNE PORT PHILLIP BAY

16. LUCERNE THE LION OF LUCERNE

17. MELBOURNE FEDERATION SQUARE

18. 07-03-2012 • http://www.my-world-travelguides.com/lucerne-switzerland.htm 2012 • http://www.swissworld.org/en/geography/towns/lucerne/ • http://www.maplandia.com/switzerland/zentralschweiz/luzern/lucerne/ 2005 • http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3431.htm 2012 • http://lucerne.all-about-switzerland.info/lucerne-history.html 2010 • http://switzerland.isyours.com/e/guide/lucerne/history.html 2008

19. 09.03.2012 • http://www.indexmundi.com/australia/gdp_per_capita_(ppp).html 2011 • http://www.maplandia.com/australia/victoria/melbourne/melbourne/ 2005

20. 13.3.2012 • http://www.futuremelbourne.com.au/info/facts/cityofmelbourne • http://www.fallingrain.com/world/AS/07/Melbourne.html 2010 • http://history-switzerland.geschichte-schweiz.ch/old-swiss-confederacy-1291.html 2004

21. 14.3.2012 • http://museumvictoria.com.au/marvellous/postwar/index.asp • http://www.onlymelbourne.com.au/melbourne_details.php?id=581 • http://www.hoteltravel.com/switzerland/lucerne/history-of-lucerne.htm 2012