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The Civil War

The Civil War. Warm Up. How might a civil war be worse than other wars? How would your life be affected if Philadelphia went into a civil war? What are some of the most critical resources needed to win a war? Who had the advantage at the onset of this war: The North or the South and why?.

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The Civil War

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  1. The Civil War

  2. Warm Up • How might a civil war be worse than other wars? • How would your life be affected if Philadelphia went into a civil war? • What are some of the most critical resources needed to win a war? • Who had the advantage at the onset of this war: The North or the South and why?

  3. First Shots Fired • “ I am loath to close. We are not enemies, but friends. We must not be enemies. Though passions may have strained, it must not break, our bonds of affection…” • Abraham Lincoln’s 2nd Inaugural Address • Lincoln assured the South that they were in no danger from his administration • BUT… Secession was illegal. • “A husband and wife may be divorced, but the different parts of the country cannot.”

  4. First Shots Fired cont. • The Southern states took over many of the forts within their boarders. • People questioned whether he would oppose secession by force. • Some Union forts were located in Southern states. • Lincoln had a decision: What does he do about the forts still under Union/Federal control? Send reinforcements and start war or allow the forts to fall into Southern hands? • Fort Sumter--Charleston Harbor • Fort Pickens--Pensacola, Florida • Fort Sumter was running out of supplies

  5. First Shots Fired cont.. • Lincoln decided not to send reinforcements • Thought it would mean bloodshed and no chance at reconciliation • Sent a naval expedition to supply the fort with food • Confederate leaders prevented the ships from bringing supplies through a military strategy • President Jefferson Davis of the CSA • April 12, 1861 the Confederates opened fire on Fort Sumter • The fort withstood 34 hours of bombing until it surrendered • The civil war had begun!!!

  6. Bombarding of Ft. Sumter

  7. First Shots Fired cont.. • Lincoln responded by calling 75,000 volunteers to bare arms • South responded by having 4 more states secede • VA, NC, AK, TN • After years of crises and compromise, the nation chose to settle their quarrel by force • Southerners called Lincoln’s actions-- unnecessary aggression • Lincoln said that Southern secession “rejected democracy!!”

  8. Border States • These states held the key to victory in this war • DE, MD, KY, MO • They were all slave states, which bordered states where slavery was illegal • Why would they be so important? • LOCATION, LOCATION, LOCATION • Maryland was the most important border state • Why?????

  9. Border States cont.. • If Maryland seceded, then Washington D.C. would be cut off from the Union • Lincoln wanted to arrest Maryland lawmakers who backed the South, but did not • Pro-Union leaders eventually gained control of the Maryland legislature • Maryland stayed in the Union

  10. Washington D. C. 1861

  11. Border States cont.. • Kentucky was also important to both sides because of its rivers • Why?? Who cares about rivers? • Union could use these rivers for invasion • Confederacy could use the rivers as a barrier • Kentucky was deeply divided about secession. • A Confederate invasion in 1861 prompted the state to stay in the Union • MO and DE stayed Union • Virginia split and West Virginia formed in 1863 • 24 states= Union • 11 states= Confederacy

  12. Strengths • Union • Manpower: 22 million people • Resources • Factories • Railroads • Naval power and shipyards • President Abraham Lincoln • Convinced Northerners that democracy depended on preserving the Union • Convinced Northerners that the war was not about slavery-- it was about the South’s illegal actions

  13. Strengths cont.. • Confederacy • Better, more able Generals • Robert E. Lee • Fought a defensive war • Northern supply lines stretched far • Knowledge of the land • Soldiers had more to fight for • Defending their homes

  14. Strategies • Confederacy • Defensive strategy (at first): did not want to conquer the North; only to be independent • “All we ask is to be left alone…” • CSA Pres. Jefferson Davis • Confederate leaders hoped the North would tire of the war, and accept Southern independence • KING COTTON-- as a way to win foreign support • Grew most of the cotton for Europe • Withheld cotton from Britain and France • Tried to make them aid their cause • As the war moved on, the South went on the offensive • Big victories meant low, Northern morale

  15. Strategies • Union • Wanted to bring the South back to the Union • Anaconda Plan:Developed by Winfield Scott • Naval blockade of the South’s coastline • Designed to smother their economy • Prevents the transportation of goods or people • Also, gain control of the Mississippi R. • Split the Confederacy in two • Attack the Confederate capital if Richmond • Lincoln ordered an invasion summer of 1861

  16. Anaconda Plan

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