1 / 26

Great Powers in Iran

Great Powers in Iran. 1890 - 1977. Tobacco Rebellion. 1890: Tobacco concession to British Shiraz protests, 1891 Led by Hajj Shirazi (cleric) and Seyyed Jamal ad-Din “al-Afghani” 1892 : concession cancelled Aftermath : Russia gained, UK lost influence Russian loans

nika
Download Presentation

Great Powers in Iran

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Great Powers in Iran 1890 - 1977

  2. Tobacco Rebellion • 1890: Tobacco concession to British • Shiraz protests, 1891 • Led by Hajj Shirazi (cleric) and Seyyed Jamal ad-Din “al-Afghani” • 1892: concession cancelled • Aftermath: Russia gained, UK lost influence • Russian loans • 1900-1902: Qajar minister Amin as-Soltan meets with Russians to procure loans

  3. Constitutional Revolution • Russian defeat in Ruso-Japanese War 1905 • Russians unable to lend money to Qajars • A constitution (mashruteh) and a parliament (Majlis) • New shah, Mohammad al Shah, 1907

  4. Anglo-Russian Entente • Signed in 1907 without involving Iran in negotiations • Dividing Iran up into three pieces

  5. Anglo-Russian Entente, 1907

  6. D’Arcy Concession • British granted oil concession, 1901 • Discovery of oil at Masjed Suleiman, 1908 • Anglo-Persian Oil Company (APOC)

  7. Masjed Suleiman

  8. William Knox D’Arcy

  9. World War I • German role: Wassmuss the “German Lawrence” • British “secret” deals with Russia • Sir Percy Sykes and the South Persia Rifles, 1916-1917 • End of the War, 1919 Anglo-Persian Treaty

  10. Iran’s “Roaring” Twenties • Soviet influence • Kuchek Khan and the Bolsheviks • A Persian Soviet Socialist Republic? • Enter the USA, 1920 • Qajars need a new loan • Standard Oil in the North

  11. Reza Khan • British-supported (General Ironside) rise of Reza Khan in the Cossack Brigades • Reform: Seyyed Zia and Reza Khan annul the Anglo-Persian Treaty • 26 Feb 1921: the Russo-Iranian Treaty • US and UK response • Millspaugh Mission

  12. Pahlavi Iran • 1925: Reza Khan formally becomes Shah • Qajars ousted • “Modernization from above” • APOC concession annulled 1932 • UK pressure for a new contract • 1933 new concession

  13. World War II • Sour relations with British over APOC • An alliance with Germany? • 1941 British-Soviet Invasion • Reza Shah abdicates • 1942 Tripartite Treaty • Second Millspaugh Mission • 1944 Majlis outlaws foreign oil concessions

  14. Anglo-Soviet Invasion of Iran

  15. “The Persian Corridor”

  16. Post-WWII • First crisis of Cold War • Soviet troops remain in Azerbaijan Province • The end of Soviet influence • Truman pressures the Soviets • Ahmad Qavam’s empty promise • 1946 Soviet agreement • Soviets leave Iran in May 1946

  17. Mossadeq & Nationalization • The National Front • Gen. Ali Razmara becomes Prime Minister • Assassinated 17 Mar 1951 • Majlis votes Mossadeq as new PM • 29 Apr 1951 • Nationalization of AIOC • Worldwide boycott of Iran

  18. After the Nationalization • Shah replaces Mossadeq with Qavam • Mossadeq returns • Declares “state of emergency”

  19. Mossadeq returns

  20. After the Nationalization • Shah replaces Mossadeq with Qavam • Mossadeq returns • Declares “state of emergency” • Operation AJAX • 28 Mordad / August 19, 1953 • Mohammad Reza Shah regains power

  21. Mohammad Reza Shah • Ending the Oil Crisis • 1954 Oil Consortium • Reforms and modernization • Creation of security forces: SAVAK • The White Revolution • Khomeini: “White Revolution is a serious threat to Islam” • Exiled 1964

  22. “Policeman of the Gulf” • Image of a “strongman” • Nixon Doctrine and the “Twin Pillars” • “Unlimited” quantities of nonnuclear weapons • IBEX and the surveillance of the Soviet Union • Fighting communism in the Persian Gulf • The Shah’s OPEC speech • OPEC as a price-setter • 1974 Petroleum Law

More Related